We document key facts about marriage and divorce, comparing trends through the past 150 years and outcomes across demographic groups and countries. While divorce rates have risen over the past 150 years, they have been falling for the past quarter century. Marriage rates have also been falling, but more strikingly, the importance of marriage at different points in the life cycle has changed, re...

A D-A (donor-acceptor)-type chromophore may twist or flatten in its excited state to form a TICT (twisted intramolecular charge transfer) state or a PICT (planar intramolecular charge transfer) state, respectively. What is the driving force behind this twisting or planarization? Which geometry will occur for a certain D-A chromophore? To answer these questions, both fragment orbital interaction...

Between 1992 and 2003, services for homeless veterans at the Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System went from inappropriate utilization of hospital medical and psychiatric beds, to a continuum of residential treatment, transitional housing, and employment programs through arrangements with private agencies. The authors use elements of Hasenfeld and Brock's Political Economy Mode...

Directed remote aromatic metalations are useful synthetic transformations allowing for rapid regioselective access to elaborate highly substituted carbocyclic aromatic and heteroaromatic systems. This review unravels the tangle of data reported on directed remote aromatic metalations. Through a careful analysis of critically selected examples, advanced rationalizations of remote metalation regi...

Web services are supported by major IT vendors and have been adopted by some enterprises in various applications. However, due to the hype surrounding Web services, information technology (IT) personnel and business managers often have difficulty assessing the potential uses, impacts, and benefits of Web services. Based on literature review and technical information, as well as field and Web-ba...

Located around the coastal margins of the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans are 64 Large Marine Ecosystems (LMEs). Within the boundaries of the LMEs, 95% of the world’s marine fisheries biomass is produced, ocean pollution is most severe, and coastal habitats are most seriously degraded. The LMEs are also important economic areas of the world, producing goods and services valued at $10.6 tril...

Third World states are driven to pursue programs of military industrialization by both their interests and their passions. Interests are defined in instrumental terms, and I examine their importance in explaining the behavior of leading Third World arms producers. An analysis of time-series cross-section data for five countries from 1970 to 1990 suggests that domestic arms production has been m...

Sustainable development exhibits broad political appeal but has proven difficult to define in precise terms. Recent scholarship has focused on the nature of a sustainability transition, described by the National Research Council as meeting the needs of a stabilizing future world population while reducing hunger and poverty and maintaining the planet's life-support systems. We identify a small s...

The behavioral relevance of non-binding defaults is well established. While most research has focused on decision makers’ responses to a given default, we argue that this individual decision making perspective is incomplete. Instead, a comprehensive understanding of default effects requires to take account of the strategic interaction between default setters and decision makers. We analyze theo...

Morphogenesis is the process by which multicellular organisms transform themselves from a ball of cells into an organized animal. Certain virtues of Caenorhabditis elegans make it an excellent model system for the study of this process: it is genetically tractable, develops as a transparent embryo with small cell-numbers, and yet still contains all the major tissues typical of animals. Furtherm...