Contamination types, levels and their behavior within drilling wastes is determined by the local geological conditions and drilling mud design; notably lubrication fluids, weighting agents and anti-foaming agents. Such additives can contain potentially toxic elements such as aluminum and barium. Besides being contaminated, drilling wastes often have a high pH due to the addition of lime, causti...

a r t i c l e i n f o In many mining, civil, and petroleum engineering applications diamond bit drilling is widely used due to high penetration rate, core recovery and its ability to drill with less deviation. Recently, many research have been conducted to estimate the penetration rate of diamond drilling which can be considered as one of the most important parameters in project planning and co...

PURPOSE Surgical hip dislocation is commonly performed in orthopaedic surgery for several pathologies that often present risk of avascular necrosis (AVN) of femoral head. Observation of blood spilling out from a drill hole, performed in the head after dislocation, has been proposed as a predictive test for AVN. No data have been published about test reliability. Study's aim was to evaluate the ...

OBJECTIVES In this study we evaluated heat generation during the low-speed drilling procedure without irrigation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten artificial bone blocks that were similar to human D1 bone were used in this study. The baseline temperature was 37.0℃. We drilled into 5 artificial bone blocks 60 times at the speed of 50 rpm without irrigation. As a control group, we drilled into an addi...

Oil and gas well drilling activities are associated with numerous hazards which have the potential to cause injury or harm for people, property and the environment. These hazards are also a threat for the reputation of drilling companies. To prevent accidents and undesired events in drilling operations it is essential to identify, evaluate, assess and control the attendant risks. In this work, ...

Drilling procedure is widely used in orthopedic surgery to position reduced fractured bones and prosthetic components. However, successful execution of bone drilling requires a high level of dexterity and experience, because the drilling resistance is large and sometimes vibrates violently to difficultly grasp the hand-piece or even break the slender drill. This paper introduces haptic function...

Introduction: Voyager and Galileo showed that the surface of Europa has undergone significant reworking at some point during the moon’s history. The surface is covered in lineaments, which likely formed from the tides generated from Europa’s eccentric orbit around Jupiter [1]. There is also a relative paucity of visible impact craters, suggesting a surface age of about 80 million years [2]. The...

Abstract In southern Sichuan Basin, the main production layers are characterized by deeply buried, high stress difference, and complex structural conditions. The Luzhou area is far from large faults, natural fractures greatly important for shale gas storage production. Multi-scale control migration, enrichment, preservation conditions of gas, facilitate formation fracture network under action h...

hoffa fracture is a rare injury consisting of unicondylar tangential posterior fracture of the distal femur and only very few cases have been reported in the literature. these fractures are due to high energy trauma and conservative treatment generally yields poor results, but rigid internal fixation allows early functional rehabilitation and decreases the incidence of complications. the purpos...

This study investigated the anatomical relationship between the clavicle and its adjacent vascular structures, in order to define safe zones, in terms of distance and direction, for drilling of the clavicle during osteosynthesis using a plate and screws following a fracture. We used reconstructed three-dimensional CT arteriograms of the head, neck and shoulder region. The results have enabled u...