Speech audiometry is an essential component of the audiological test battery, as it provides information concerning one’s sensitivity to speech stimuli and the understanding of speech at supra-threshold levels. With regard to the history of materials for speech audiometry, different kinds of materials have been developed by several investigators in English and non-English languages. Several suc...

This book is an elementary introduction to natural language processing, but it is a very unusual one for two reasons. First, its subject languages are those of India; second, although the book sets out and discusses the better-known linguistic grammars that are commonly used in natural language processing, the grammar that the book actually uses is one based on the Astfidhy~y~ (pronotmced 'asht...

BACKGROUND Genetic polymorphisms of the angiotensin-renin pathway have been thought to influence the development of diabetic nephropathy. However, there are conflicting results regarding this association in previous studies on populations with varying ethnicity. AIMS Primary aim was to compare the frequency of distribution of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene (insertion/deletion [I/D])...

India represents an intricate tapestry of population sub-structure shaped by geography, language, culture and social stratification operating in concert [1–3]. To date, no study has attempted to model and evaluate how these evolutionary forces have interacted to shape the patterns of genetic diversity within India. Geography has been shown to closely correlate with genetic structure in other pa...

أن اللغتين العربية والتاملية تنتميان إلى العائلة اللغوية المختلفة، فعملية الترجمة ليس بأمر سهل. لأنهما تتضمنان القواعد المتنوعة في بناء الجمل وتركيب العبارات. ولذا، إن دارسي اللغة لغة أجنبية جامعة جنوب شرق سريلانكا يواجهون التحديات تحديد معاني وترجمتها التاملية، فيهدف هذا البحث التي يواجهها دارسو عند ترجمة البسيطة التاملية. ويعتمد الباحثون على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، كما تستخدم الأدوات الآتية ل...

We show how simple rules shared by actors acting somewhat independently and with local ratherthan complete global information can nonetheless generate coherent global structures. In the caseof dual organization, from analysis of actual marriage networks and genealogical linkages, wefind many ethnographic instances where two-sided networks and marriage choices go unnoticedby ethn...

Within this short paper I do not intend to compare systems of philosophies; rather, I am trying here to compare kinds of philosophizing, hereby not all of its main aspects but its core, namely: whether or not some philosophizing is related to some fix-point, so to speak: to some Archimedean point, and thereby, whether or not such philosophizing is leading to a closed system of philosophy. In or...

The Indo-Aryan language family currently occupies a significant region of the Indian subcontinent, its member languages being spoken in the bulk of North India, as well as in Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and the Maldives. The historical depth of the textual record and the geographical breadth of the Indo-Aryan linguistic area, the diversity of its languages (226 in all), and its many...

Many scholars and students in the humanities have preferred TEX over other “word processors” or document preparation systems because of the ease TEX provides them in typesetting non-Roman scripts, the availability of TEX fonts of interest to them, and the ability TEX has in producing well-structured documents. However, this is not the case amongst Indologists. The lack of Indic fonts for TEX an...

India is considered a linguistic ocean with 4 language families and 22 scheduled national languages, and 100 un-scheduled languages reported by the 2001 census. This puts tremendous pressures on the Indian government to not only have comprehensive language policies, but also to create resources for their maintenance and development. In the age of information technology, there is a greater need ...