r a 200 .046 .: +44 19 all@durh Summary Water discolouration is a major management problem for UK water companies as a proportion of the supply relies on runoff from peat-covered catchments. Many peats have been drained using surface ditches but this has been shown to lead to more severe water discolouration. Drain-blocking is now actively encouraged in UK peatlands to promote peatland habitats...

Background and Objectives: Seroma, a subcutaneous collection of serous fluid, is the most common morbidity after modified radical mastectomy. Closed suction drains are used for drainage of serous fluid after MRM to obliterate the space beneath skin flaps and thus to decrease seroma formation. Amongst various factors that influence the amount of postoperative drainage, the negative suction press...

the split-block experimental design with three replications was used to study the effect of subsoiling in different distances from drain axison soil salinity,and wheat yield. the measurements included soil cone index, soil bulkdensity, infiltration rate and electrical conductivity of saturated extract. each treatment was composed of two factors. the main factors consisted of 3 different distanc...

BACKGROUND Intra-abdominal abscesses are the most common complication after perforated appendicitis and remain a significant problem ranging in incidence from 14 to 18%. Drainage following appendectomy is usually determined by whether the underlying appendicitis is simple or complicated and largely determined by the surgeons' belief, based on expertise or personal opinion. In this report we dis...

Figure 2 Clinical photograph demonstrating the long distal drain still protruding after closure of the arthrotomy (Fig 1). Close the arthrotomy from proximal to distal, leaving the distal end protruding (Fig 2). As you reach the end of the wound where the drain exits the arthrotomy, withdraw the drain to length. As the drain withdraws easily, you can be sure that it has not been sutured into th...

The mechanisms and characteristics of hot carrier stress-induced drain leakage current degradation in thinoxide n-MOSFET’s are investigated. Both interface trap and oxide charge effects are analyzed. Various drain leakage current components at zero V gs such as drain-to-source subthreshold leakage, band-to-band tunneling current, and interface trapinduced leakage are taken into account. The tra...

OBJECTIVE Surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars with primary wound closure may result in postoperative edema, facial swelling, pain, and restriction of mouth opening. The type of closure may be a cause of these complications. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of placement of a surgical tube drain before primary closure with the effects of primary closure alone afte...