■ Vertical deviation of the orbicularis muscle plays the most important role in entropion and ectropion formation. ■ The orbicularis muscle is controlled by translamellar connections between the lower lid retractors and the anterior lamella. ■ In ectropion, retractor laxity causes an absence of the angle at the lacrimal punctum. ■ In entropion, retractor laxity produces a loss of the lid crease...

PURPOSE To compare the efficacy and safety of 0.3% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose/dextran (HPMC/dextran) and 0.18% sodium hyaluronate (SH) in the treatment of ocular surface disease in patients using antiglaucoma drugs containing preservatives. METHODS This was a double-blind, randomized, parallel-group study in 70 glaucoma patients with Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score greater than 2...

Maternal hypothyroidism affects postnatal lung structure. High prevalence of hypothyroxinemia (low T4, normal T3) in iodine-deficient pregnant women and associated risk for neuropsychological development along with high infant/neonatal mortality ascribed to respiratory distress prompted us to study the effects of maternal hypothyroxinemia on postnatal lung development. Female Sprague Dawley rat...

This article presents a numerical study of mixed-convection heat and mass transport in a liddriven square enclosure Ž lled with a non-Darcian  uid-saturated porous medium. The two vertical walls of the enclosure are insulated, while the horizontal walls are kept at constant but different temperatures and concentrations with the top surface moving at a constant speed. The transport equations ar...

BACKGROUND involutional lower eyelid entropion is a common ophthalmic condition requiring surgical correction. OBJECTIVE to compare the efficacy of lid everting sutures in the management ofinvolutional lower lid entropion using 4-0 silk versus 4-0 chromic catgut. MATERIALS AND METHODS fifty eyes with involutional lower eyelid entropion were enrolled into the study and divided randomly into ...

The LID strain of polyomavirus differs from other laboratory strains in causing a rapidly lethal infection of newborn C3H/Bi mice. This virulent behavior of LID was attenuated by dilution, yet at sublethal doses LID was able to induce tumors at a high frequency, like its parent virus PTA. By constructing and assaying LID-PTA recombinant viruses and by DNA sequencing, the determinant of virulenc...

Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) play a crucial role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation. The aim of this study was to examine the potential relationship between serum IGF-I levels and breast cancer risk. To do this, we studied liver-specific IGF-I gene-deleted (LID) mice, in which circulating IGF-I levels are 25% of that in control mice. Mammary tumors were induced in two wa...

Deficiencies in either growth hormone (GH) or insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) are associated with reductions in bone size during growth in humans and animal models. Liver-specific IGF-1-deficient (LID) mice, which have 75% reductions in serum IGF-1, were created previously to separate the effects of endocrine (serum) IGF-1 from autocrine/paracrine IGF-1. However, LID mice also have two- to...