This paper studied laser induced thermal-crack propagation (LITP) dicing of a glass-silicon double-layer wafer with high scanning speed. A defocusing continuous was used in the experimental system as volumetric heat source for glass layer and surface silicon layer. Based on principle propagation, commercial software ABAQUS simulated analysis, results temperature field thermal stress distributio...

In recent years, numerous groups of investigators have reported primary aldosteronism (PAL) to be much more common than previously thought.1–4 This has followed recognition of the aldosterone/renin ratio (ARR) as an improved, more sensitive method of screening for PAL and the application of ARR testing to a wider population, to include normokalemic, as well as hypokalemic, hypertensive subjects...