We will present a detailed investigation of intersubband transitions process in core-multi shells quantum dots. The confined wave functions and eigenenergies of electrons in quantum dots have been calculated under the effective-mass approximation by solving a three-dimensional Schrodinger equation. Excellent dependence is found between size effects, time relaxation and degenerate four wave mixi...

We will present a detailed investigation of intersubband transitions process in core-multi shells quantum dots. The confined wave functions and eigenenergies of electrons in quantum dots have been calculated under the effective-mass approximation by solving a three-dimensional Schrodinger equation. Excellent dependence is found between size effects, time relaxation and degenerate four wave mixi...

Sources of coherent, monochromatic short-wavelength infrared (1-2 mum) light are essential in telecommunications, biomedical diagnosis, and optical sensing. Today's semiconductor lasers are made by epitaxial growth on a lattice-matched single-crystal substrate. This strategy is incompatible with integration on silicon. Colloidal quantum dots grown in solution can, in contrast, be coated onto an...

BACKGROUND The contrast between the low proportion of tuberculosis (TB) suspects referred from private practitioners in Bali province and the high volume of TB suspects seeking care at private practices suggests problems with TB suspect referral from private practitioners to the public health sector. We aimed to identify key factors associated with the referral of TB suspects by private practit...

SETTING Afghanistan. OBJECTIVE To describe the results of rapid expansion of the DOTS strategy in a post-conflict environment, with a focus on the experience of the Rural Expansion of Afghanistan's Community-based Healthcare (REACH) Program. RESULTS Despite the destruction of the National Tuberculosis Program (NTP) and basic health services by war and an uncertain security situation, the NT...

The new WHO guidelines for the treatment on Tuberculosis (4th edition) has come out in 2010 with several important changes from the previous guideline published in 2003.1 Major progress in global TB control follows the wide spread implementation of DOTs strategy. In 2006 stop TB strategy was launched with the objective of (i) universal access to patient centred treatment and protection of popul...

Live cells are three-dimensional environments where biological molecules move to find their targets and accomplish their functions. However, up to now, most single molecule investigations have been limited to bi-dimensional studies owing to the complexity of 3d-tracking techniques. Here, we present a novel method for three-dimensional localization of single nano-emitters based on automatic reco...

Plasma lithography is a template-guided self-assembly nanomanufacturing strategy for creating functional engineering devices using nanoscale and molecular building blocks. To elucidate the plasma lithography manufacturing process, the comparative binding of colloidal quantum dots on plasma patterned surface templates is investigated. In particular, fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron ...

Birds can rely on a variety of cues for orientation during migration and homing. Celestial rotation provides the key information for the development of a functioning star and/or sun compass. This celestial compass seems to be the primary reference for calibrating the other orientation systems including the magnetic compass. Thus, detection of the celestial rotational axis is crucial for bird or...

Nanoneedles display potential in mediating the delivery of drugs and biologicals, as well as intracellular sensing and single-cell stimulation, through direct access to the cell cytoplasm. Nanoneedles enable cytosolic delivery, negotiating the cell membrane and the endolysosomal system, thus overcoming these major obstacles to the efficacy of nanotherapeutics. The low toxicity and minimal invas...