(Def. 1) CastNatx = { x, if x is a natural number, 0, otherwise. Let W1 be a set. A sequence of W1 is a function from N into W1. For simplicity, we adopt the following rules: k, n denote natural numbers, a denotes a set, D, S denote non empty sets, and p, q denote finite sequences of elements of N. Let us consider n. The functor atom. n yielding a finite sequence of elements of N is defined as ...

Glass-box testing tries to cover paths through the tested code, based on a given criterion such as def-use chain coverage. When generating glass-box test cases manually, the user is likely to overlook some def-use chains. Moreover it is difficult to find suitable test cases which cause certain def-use chains to be passed. We have developed a tool which automatically generates a system of test c...

(Def. 1) CastNatx = { x, if x is a natural number, 0, otherwise. Let W1 be a set. A sequence of W1 is a function from N into W1. For simplicity, we use the following convention: k, n denote natural numbers, a denotes a set, D, S denote non empty sets, and p, q denote finite sequences of elements of N. Let us consider n. The functor atom. n yields a finite sequence of elements of N and is define...

Acute stress in both rodents and humans causes a transient rise in blood pressure associated with an increase in plasma endothelin-1 (ET-1). High salt (HS) intake also increases ET-1 production, and interestingly, blunts the pressor response to acute air jet stress in rats. We previously reported that female rats lacking functional ETB receptors everywhere except sympathetic nerves (ETB def) ha...

UNLABELLED Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neuromuscular disease characterized by motor neuron death in the central nervous system. Vitamin D supplementation increases antioxidant activity, reduces inflammation and improves motor neuron survival. We have previously demonstrated that vitamin D(3) supplementation at 10× the adequate intake improves functional outcomes in a mouse model of...

V (A1, . . . ,An) def = 1 n! ∂ ∂t1∂t2 · · · ∂tn Vol(t1A1 + · · ·+ tnAn) where t1, . . . , tn ≥ 0 and the derivative is taken at t = 0. The normalization factor 1/n! ensures that V (A, . . . ,A) = Vol(A). In that sense the mixed volume generalizes the usual volume. The definition above is still valid if we allow the Ai to have empty volume, so in this paper we will only require the Ai to be clos...

The active substrates in surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy were prepared through self-assembly of nanoparticles on functionalized glasses. Colloidal silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were prepared chemically in two different sizes by reduction of AgNO3 using trisodium citrate and sodium borohydride. Gold–silver core–shell nanoparticles were also prepared to compare between the o...

• list(A) is the set of all lists having their elements in A • nil is the empty list • a :: q is the list starting with an element a and continuing with the tail list q • q − is the append (list concatenation) operator: for any list l, we have nil q −l def. l and (a :: q) q −l def. a :: (q q −l). • lterf (l) is the lter operator, recursively de ned as follows: lterf ( ) = and lterf (a :: q) = {...

Let us mention that every non empty relational structure which is trivial and reflexive is also complete. Let T be a relational structure. A type of T is an element of T . Let T be a relational structure. We say that T is Noetherian if and only if: (Def. 1) The internal relation of T is reversely well founded. Let us observe that every non empty relational structure which is trivial is also Noe...