In this work we compare an OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) system and a SC/FDE (Single Carrier System with Frequency Domain Equalization) system in terms of their BER performance, channel estimation techniques, bandwidth-efficiency and other design parameters. In both systems an estimation of the channel transfer function is needed for equalization purposes. Different frequenc...

Similar to direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA), site diversity can be applied to a multicarrier-CDMA (MCCDMA) cellular system to improve the bit error rate (BER) performance for a user with weak received signal power, thus resulting in an increased link capacity. In this paper, the downlink site diversity reception using frequency-domain equalization based on minimum mean sq...

<p><span>The images are not always good enough to convey the proper information. The image may be very bright or dark sometime it low contrast high contrast. Because of these reasons enhancement plays important role in digital processing. In this paper we proposed an technique which Gabor and median filtering is performed wavelet domain Adaptive Histogram Equalization spatial domain...

Internal multiples have long been recognized as a problem in seismic imaging. Some theoretical developments have been made to attenuate them, but there is no 3D theory as yet that is valid for a wide range of velocity models. The goal of this paper is to present such a theory. Through the development of this theory we show that, unless certain simplifying assumptions are made about the velocity...

In the domain of agriculture, few crops play an important role as wheat is one them. It most one’s across globe. Nearly providing 15% food production world, it also a winter cereal crop and essential food. The real challenge to enhance images in agricultural area. because some these are captured space environments may not be that clear predict type disease suffering from. So, we using existing ...

Shallow underwater acoustic (UWA) channel exhibits rapid temporal variations, extensive multipath spreads, and severe frequency-dependent attenuations. So, high data rate communication with high spectral efficiency in this challenging medium requires efficient system design. Multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (MIMO–OFDM) is a promising solution for reliabl...

Wireless communication systems targeting at broadband and mobile transmissions commonly face the challenge of fading channels that are both time and frequency selective. Therefore, design of effective equalization and estimation algorithms for such channels becomes a fundamental problem. Although multi-carrier transmissions demonstrate prominent potential to combat doubly selective fading, seve...