This paper uses a difference-in-difference style estimation strategy to test separately the impact of competition from public sector and private sector hospitals on the efficiency of public hospitals. Our identification strategy takes advantage of the phased introduction of a recent set of substantive reforms introduced in the English NHS from 2006 onwards. These reforms forced public sector he...

This article analyses peer-production online communities according to their technical and governance architectures level of centralization and decentralization. Peerproduction online communities can be defined as projects or platforms distributing or producing digital information based on users' voluntary contributions. The resources technical characteristics, the rules organizing provision of ...

The Poverty percentage in Central Java ranked two throughout Island after DI Yogyakarta Province. It surely causes gaps and inequality between regions This study attempted to analyze the effects of fiscal decentralization, balance fund, economic growth on poverty 35 regencies/ cities Province within 2016-2020. By using a quantitative approach, this used panel analysis with Fixed Effect Model (F...

Public service delivery in Indonesia has been mandated to local governments following decentralization (Lewis et al., 2020). Due public criticism, this research investigates quality determinants from politics, head, and financial factors. Using the purposive sampling method, we collect secondary data authorized government institutions during 2016–2019, analyzed with panel regression. The findin...

INTRODUCTION One of the principal goals of any health care system is to improve health through the provision of clinical and public health services. Decentralization as a reform measure aims to improve inputs, management processes and health outcomes, and has political, administrative and financial connotations. It is argued that the robustness of a health system in achieving desirable outcomes...

Article history: Received 16 August 2011 Received in revised form 5 February 2013 Accepted 12 February 2013 Available online xxxx This article examines the quantitative effects of the Chinese fiscal system on the increasing regional income inequality in China, from 1978 to 2007. Fiscal decentralization is a multifaceted concept not likely to be captured by a single measure. This paper investiga...

Does the proof-of-work protocol serve its intended purpose of supporting decentralized cryptocurrency mining? To address this question, we develop a game-theoretical model where miners first invest in hardware to improve efficiency their operations, and then compete for mining rewards rent-seeking game. We argue that because capacity constraints faced by miners, centralization is lower than ind...

In June 2003, the Koizumi administration created the "Trinity Reform Package." In this context, "trinity" means the decentralization reform process that involves three factors: local tax, local allocation tax grant and national government disbursement. There is, however, a missing link in the reform. This is local bond, which is one of major revenue source for local governments. In particular, ...