Songbirds are a useful model for the study of learned vocal behavior in vertebrates. The robust nucleus of the arcopallium (RA) is a premotor nucleus in the vocal motor pathway. It receives excitatory synaptic inputs from the anterior forebrain pathway. RA also receives cholinergic inputs from the ventral paleostriatum of the basal forebrain. Our previous study showed that carbachol, a non-sele...

The actions of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) on catecholamine secretion and changes in [Ca2+]i in single rat chromaffin cells were studied using amperometry and Indo-1. Application of VIP prior to acetylcholine (ACh) or co-application of VIP and ACh enhanced secretion by 94% and 153% respectively, compared to ACh alone. [Ca2+]i was increased by 17% when VIP was preapplied and by 73% u...

In nitrate vulnerable zones (NVZs), site-specific techniques are needed to match N availability with durum wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. Desf.) requirements. Enhanced-efficiency fertilizers can improve efficient supply and reduce leaching, contributing sustainable agriculture. Two-year field experiments were carried out at two Mediterranean in Central Italy (Pisa Arezzo) study the effects of ...

Yoon JY, Jung SR, Hille B, Koh DS. Modulation of nicotinic receptor channels by adrenergic stimulation in rat pinealocytes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 306: C726–C735, 2014. First published February 19, 2014; doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00354.2013.—Melatonin secretion from the pineal gland is triggered by norepinephrine released from sympathetic terminals at night. In contrast, cholinergic and parasympat...

中谷 〓二 It was reported previously (1) that an increase in heart phosphorylase a following the intravenous administration of adrenaline in a dose of 10.0 ƒÊg/kg was less than that following 1.0 ƒÊg/kg, and that atropinization or vagotomy potentiated the phosphorylase activating action of adrenaline. In addition, a significant elevation of heart phospho rylase a was maintained for 2 hours after th...

• Experimental renal hypertension might, in part, be due to heightened sensitivity or "augmented cardiovascular reactivity" which we defined as "the degree with which the heart and peripheral vascular system respond to quantitated stimuli." But its measurement in renal hypertensive animals by a number of investigators has yielded conflicting results for many reasons. A distinction is often made...

SATO, S. and HASHIMOTO, K. Responses of the Canine Splenic Vascular Bed to Various Biogenic and Foreign Substances . Tohoku J. exp. Med., 1973, 110 (4), 367-375 Responses of dog splenic vascular bed to various compounds administered into the splenic artery were investigated under a constant perfusion pressure. Adrenergic drugs; epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine produced a marked vasocons...

Conventional asthma and COPD treatments include the use of bronchodilators, mainly β2-adrenergic agonists, muscarinic receptor antagonists and corticosteroids or leukotriene antagonists as anti-inflammatory agents. These active drugs are administered either separately or given as a fixed-dose combination medication into a single inhaler. ASM-024, a homopiperazinium compound, derived from the st...

The reaction np → ppπ − has been studied in a kinematically complete measurement with a large acceptance time-of-flight spectrometer for incident neutron energies between threshold and 570 MeV. The proton-proton invariant mass distributions show a strong enhancement due to the pp(1 S0) final state interaction. A large anisotropy was found in the pion angular distributions in contrast to the rea...

Akt is a serine-threonine kinase that is amplified in a variety of human cancers, and as with other anticancer agents, some Akt inhibitors have produced functional cardiovascular effects such as marked hypotension that may limit their clinical benefit. Although identified in preclinical studies, the mechanism(s) responsible for these effects are often not fully characterized; potential targets ...