This article focuses on frontline managers (FLM) who, until recently, have been neglected as key actors in the implementation of human resource management policies and subsequent employee performance outcomes. research finds that FLMs are not a homogenous entity who act robotic conformists, but rather evolve become important agents shaping organisational outcomes worker effort. The extends soci...

•HSC functions are inversely correlated with their divisional history.•Mitochondria remodeling occurs in HSCs throughout the cell cycle.•Mitochondria-driven metabolic adaptation drives HSC functional decline.•Mitochondria-driven may keep memory. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) characterized by ability to produce all of blood and immune system have been used for transplantation decades. Although...

in the present study an attempt has been made to use a non-parametric method data envelopment analysis (dea) for assessing source-wise and operation-wise the technical efficiency (te) and return-to-scale (rts) for paddy production in four zones of the state of punjab, india. the results were then compared to corresponding ones already obtained from a parametric method (cobb-douglas production f...