Diversity indices are frequently applied in the form of ratios of absolute diversity to the maximum diversity possible. Regardless of whether the maximum diversity is defined to be limited by the number of species or by the number of individuals present, the resultant indices can be shown to possess mathematically undesirable qualities. All such indices, including equitability as measured by Pi...

Aim of study: The main purpose the study is to determine site factors affecting bird diversity. 
 Area This was performed in Çandır District, Isparta which located inner part Western Mediterranean region.
 Material and methods: In present study, Observations were conducted regularly a total 43 sample sites throughout each month 2016. Also, observed using point-counting techniques from...

This study aimed to compare the diversity of birds between protected and non–protected areas that are similar in climatic geographical features. The was carried out three different habitat types (Forest, Agricultural land Wetland Sundarijal Non-protected Changunarayan. Field data were collected using a “Point Count Approach” transects which laid & Wetland). Shannon-Wiener Margalef Diversity...

Abbreviations: C, carbon; N, nitrogen; BD, soil bulk d mass; BGB, belowground biomass; SL, semi-decomposit carbon pool;Np, soil nitrogenpool; SOC, soil organic carbo content; FG, fenced grassland with grazing exclusion; GG index; H, Shannon–Wiener diversity index; E, Evenness in ⁎ Corresponding author at: State Key Laboratory of Soil E the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservati Y...

PREMISE OF THE STUDY Senna spectabilis var. excelsa (Fabaceae) is a South and Central American tree of great ecological importance and one of the most common species in several sites of seasonally dry forests. Our goal was to develop microsatellite markers to assess the genetic diversity and structure of this species. METHODS AND RESULTS We designed and assessed 53 loci obtained from a micros...

Silvicultural operation need to notice the species diversity. To this study Gomarlang district in marivan region, northern zagros forest was selected. In this study 30 circle sample plots (500 m2) were collected by random method. In every sample plot the kind of species and number of trees and shrub were recorded. In the sample plots the micro plots of 5 m by 5 m (i.e. area of 25 m2) were desig...

Overgrazing, via harvesting of forage species and decrease the other herbs, is of progressive factors in biodiversity destroying. In order to investigate the animal grazing impacts on changing of plant structure and diversity, we selected the comparison between this effect with exclosure area, and proving of the excluded area effects on plant diversity; two sites of Kojour rangeland, Mazandran ...

Insect diversity is believed to be used as a bio-indicator of spring quality. This study aimed at determining the insect around Mutis Timau Nature Reserve. The was conducted from June August 2019. Insects were caught by using yellow pan trap and hand sorting. insects determined based on Shannon-Wienner index (H'), species richness (R1), dominance (D), evenness (E). results showed that 16 belong...

Biological diversity, also known as biodiversity, is an important criterion for measuring the value of an ecosystem. As biodiversity is closely related to human welfare and quality of life, many efforts to restore and maintain the biodiversity of species have been made by government agencies and non-governmental organizations, thereby drawing a substantial amount of international attention. In ...

Cashmere is only produced from Maraz (Kurdi) goat breed in Iraqi Kurdistan Region. The objective of this study was to assess the genetic diversity of different Maraz color types, black goat and Shami breeds using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Fourteen primers were used and nine out of them were selected based on their number of bands (NB) and polymorphic characteristics. Thes...