We exploit an exhaustive administrative dataset that includes the individual tax returns of all households in the top percentile of the income distribution in Germany to pin down the effective income taxation of households with very high incomes. Taking tax base erosion into account, we find that the top percentile of the income distribution pays an effective average tax rate of 30.5 percent an...

We propose the percentile curves concept as conditional probabilities curves across representative percentiles of the distribution of curves induced by random effects in a logistic model with random intercepts. We extend this concept to a logistic model with random intercepts and slopes and propose a methodology to approximate the percentile curves using the Monte-Carlo technique. We apply this...

p53 is a tumor suppressor gene whose regulation is crucial to maintaining genome stability and for the apoptotic elimination of abnormal, potentially cancer-predisposing cells. C. elegans contains a primordial p53 gene, cep-1, that acts as a transcription factor necessary for DNA damage-induced apoptosis. In a genetic screen for negative regulators of CEP-1, we identified a mutation in GLD-1, a...

The problem of assessing occupational exposure using the mean or an upper percentile of a lognormal distribution is addressed. Inferential methods for constructing an upper confidence limit for an upper percentile of a lognormal distribution and for finding confidence intervals for a lognormal mean based on samples with multiple detection limits are proposed. The proposed methods are based on t...

Generalized low density codes are built by applying a Tanner-like construction to binary recursive systematic convolutional codes. The Gallager-Tanner construction is restricted to 2 levels only. We describe the structure of a GLD code and show how to compute its ensemble performance. We also prove that RSC based GLD codes are asymptotically good. A parity-check interpretation of turbo codes is...

Apoptosis of neutrophils plays a critical role in the resolution of acute inflammation. Neutrophils from human peripheral blood express Fas (CD95) and are sensitive to Fas ligand (FasL)/Fas-mediated apoptosis. Mice carrying spontaneous mutations in the genes for fas ligand (B6/gld) or fas (B6/lpr) were used to assess the role of FasL/Fas in the kinetics and magnitude of neutrophil extravasation...

AIM To determine if photodynamic therapy (PDT) outcomes are related to lesion size in patients with subfoveal predominantly classic choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) secondary to age related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS According to greatest linear dimension (GLD) of the entire lesion determined with fluorescein angiography (FA) patients were divided into two groups. In the first grou...

The aim of this paper was to estimate the genetic relationships among calving ease (CE), calf survival (CS), and gestation length (GL) to assess the possibility of including this information in beef cattle breeding programs. A total of 35,395 field records were available for CE, 30,684 for GL, and 36,132 for CS from the Asturiana de los Valles beef cattle breed. The 3 traits were analyzed as tr...

PURPOSE To determine the extent to which CD95 ligand (CD95L) expressed on corneal epithelium and endothelium influences survival of cornea grafts placed orthotopically and heterotopically in the anterior chamber (AC), an immune-privileged site. METHODS Corneas from eyes of C57BL/6 (B6) and B6.gld (CD95L deficient) mice were (1) rendered into small full-thickness fragments, with or without an ...