Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (denoted here by rs) is a nonparametric (distribution-free) rank statistic proposed by Charles Spearman as a measure of the strength of the associations between two variables. It is a measure of a monotone association that is used when the distribution of the data makes Pearson’s correlation coefficient undesirable or misleading. Spearman’s coefficient is...

Inference concerning the correlation coefficient of two random variables from the bivariate normal distribution has been investigated by many authors. In particular, Fisher [1915. Frequency distribution of the values of the correlation coefficient in samples from an indefinitely large population. Biometrika 10, 507–521] and Hotelling [1953. New light on the correlation coefficient and its trans...

Simple network-level measures can tell us a great deal about the shape of a network, e.g., the mean degree, the degree distribution, local or global clustering coefficients, edge reciprocity, mean geodesic distance or diameter, etc. However, these simple measures are not sensitive to how the structural pattern they measure might vary non-uniformly across the network. For example, reciprocity te...

The present study aims to investigate the analysis of stress, strain, displacement, and electrical potential of a thick hollow cylinder made of FGPM under mechanical and thermal loads. Distribution of mechanical property of material is considered along the shell stick through the power distribution function. Thermal loads have been taken to signify the difference of temperature between outer an...