INTRODUCTION As further restrictions have been placed on tobacco advertising and promotions, point-of-sale (PoS) displays of cigarettes in shops have become an increasingly important source of young people's exposure to tobacco products. This study explored the relationship between PoS displays of cigarettes and brand awareness among secondary school students in Scotland. METHODS Cross-sectio...

The township economy supports many South Africans by creating employment and reducing the socio-economic challenges facing country. To ensure sustainable growth of sector, research is required on key businesses within informal economy. This study empirically investigated factors influencing shopping experience spaza shop customers in Africa. Spaza shops, an under-researched African context, con...

Linkage analysis in multivariate or longitudinal context presents both statistical and computational challenges. The permutation test can be used to avoid some of the statistical challenges, but it substantially adds to the computational burden. Utilizing the distributional dependencies between p (defined as the proportion of alleles at a locus that are identical by descent (IBD) for a pairs of...

WuXianGouXiang is an O2O(offline to online and vice versa)-based mobile application that recommends the nearby coupons and deals for users, by which users can also follow the shops they are interested in. If the potential followers of a shop can be discovered, the merchant’s targeted advertising can be more effective and the recommendations for users will also be improved. In this paper, we pro...

This paper develops an evaluation and enhancement approach of the carbon footprints (CFs) based environmentally sustainable service competitiveness for coffees shops. Firstly, the proposed approach uses the service blueprint to analyse the service process of coffee shops and the working times of the required direct facilities and the supporting facilities to estimate the amounts of greenhouse g...

In this paper, we propose an efficient and easily implemented codec system for encoding watermark numbers as graph structures thought the use of self-inverting permutations. More precisely, based on the fact that a watermark number w can be efficiently encoded as self-inverting permutation π∗, we present an efficient encoding algorithm which encodes a self-inverting permutation π∗ as a reducibl...