Distribution networks have undergone a series of changes, with the insertion distributed energy resources, such as generation, storage systems, and demand response, allowing consumers to produce an active role in distribution systems. Thus, it is possible form microgrids. From grid’s point view, necessary plan operation considering resources microgrids connected it, aiming ensure maintenance gr...

The increasing penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs) in the distribution networks has turned conventionally passive load buses into active that can provide grid services for transmission system. To take advantage DERs networks, this letter formulates a transmission-and-distribution (T&D) systems co-optimization problem achieves economic dispatch at level and optimal voltage regulat...

Persistent social disparities in the adoption of distributed energy resources (DERs) have prompted calls for enabling more equitable uptake. However, there are indications that limits inherent to grid infrastructure may hinder DER adoption. In this study we analysed new integration across California’s two largest utility territories. We found reduce access solar photovoltaics less than half hou...

Bulk integration of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) into the power grids reduces system’s inherent inertial response.The reduced response causes a high Rate-of-Change-of-Frequency (RoCoF) and poses formidable operational challenges for grid frequency stability. Interconnections around world comprehend role value Synthetic Inertia Control (SIC), which is considered as subset Fast Freq...

The rapid growth of distributed energy resources (DERs) and the new trends related to electricity market can represent economic advantages for consumers; nevertheless, these bring risks, such as high prices when contracting, inability forecast information offers demand. A contracting strategy is essential minimize possible financial losses due consumer exposure in liberalized market. This paper...