background: acinetobacter spp. is characterized as an important nosocomial pathogen and increasing antimicrobial resis­tance. our aim was to evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility and aminoglycosides resistance genes of acinetobacter spp. iso­lated from hospitalized patients. methods: sixty isolates were identified as acinetobacter species. the isolates were tested for antibiotic resistance by d...

Antibiotic resistance evolves rapidly in response to drug selection, but it can also persist at appreciable levels even after the removal of the antibiotic. This suggests that many resistant strains can both be resistant and have high fitness in the absence of antibiotics. To explore the conditions under which high-fitness, resistant strains evolve and the genetic changes responsible, we used a...

introduction: wastewater treatment plants are important hotspots for the spread of  antibiotic resistance genes to the environment.  the aim of this study identification of relevant antibiotic resistance genes  in raw  and final effluent of municipal wastewater treatment and also determination of effects of different wastewater treatment process on removal/reduction of these pollutants. materia...

Rates of infection with antibiotic-resistant bacteria have increased precipitously over the past several decades, with far-reaching healthcare and societal costs. Recent evidence has established a link between antibiotic resistance genes in human pathogens and those found in non-pathogenic, commensal, and environmental organisms, prompting deeper investigation of natural and human-associated re...

Integrating conjugative elements (ICEs) are a class of bacterial mobile genetic elements that disseminate via conjugation and then integrate into the host cell genome. The SXT/R391 family of ICEs consists of more than 30 different elements that all share the same integration site in the host chromosome but often encode distinct properties. These elements contribute to the spread of antibiotic r...

background: urinary tract infection (uti) is one of the most prevalent infectious diseases and escherichia coli is its common cause. the aim of this study was to assess the resistance patterns of e.coli in urinary tract infections and to determine the susceptibility of e.coli to commonly used antimicrobials and also to evaluate the options for empirical treatment of uti. methods: this study was...

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a growing clinical problem and public health threat. Antibiotic use is a known risk factor for the emergence of antibiotic resistance, but demonstrating the causal link between antibiotic use and resistance is challenging. This review describes different study designs for assessing the association between antibiotic use and resistance and discusses strengt...

Introduction: Based on the World Health Organization reports, infections caused by ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae strains are a major threat to public health and need urgent therapy with new antibiotics. Given the lack of a previous comprehensive study on the prevalence of the antibiotic resistance of H. influenzae in Iran, this systematic review and meta-analysis was perform...