In addition to vertical time shifts commonly observed in time-lapse seismic images, horizontal displacements are apparent as well. These apparent horizontal displacements may be small relatively to seismic wavelengths, perhaps only 5 m at depths of 5 km, but they consistently suggest an outward lateral expansion of images away from a compacting reservoir. It is well known that apparent vertical...

Topology optimization has been an interesting area of research in recent years.  The main focus of this paper is to use an evolutionary swarm intelligence algorithm to perform Isogeometric Topology optimization of continuum structures.  A two-dimensional plate is analyzed statically and the nodal displacements are calculated.  The nodal displacements using Isogeometric analysis are found to be ...

In this paper, a numerical analysis of stresses and displacements in FGM thick-walled cylindrical pressure vessel under internal pressure has been presented. The elastic modulus is assumed to be varying along the longitude of the pressure vessel with an exponential function continuously. The Poisson’s ratio is assumed to be constant. Whereas most of the previous studies about FGM thick-walled p...

The theory of galaxy formation is reviewed briefly. From the evidence of clusters today, the primordial gas fraction was 20% or more. Thus, while the Universe is dominated by dark matter, gas plays an appreciable role in galaxy formation. Collapses of dwarf protogalaxies produce predominantly cold gas. It is argued that, in such cold collapses, the collapsed gas is largely self-gravitating. As ...

We consider a stochastic process (Xt)t≥0 that grows linearly in time and experiences collapses at times governed by a Poisson process with rate λ. The collapses are modeled by multiplying the process level by a random variable supported on [0, 1). For the hitting time defined as τy = inf{t > 0|Xt = y} we derive power series for the Laplace transform and all moments. We further discuss the asymp...

An infinitely long hollow cylinder containing isotropic linear elastic material is considered under the effect of arbitrary boundary stress and thermal condition. The two-dimensional coupled thermoelastodynamic PDEs are specified based on equations of motion and energy equation, which are uncoupled using Nowacki potential functions. The Laplace integral transform and Bessel-Fourier series are u...

In this paper, we generalize the previous formal de nitions of random-self-reducibility. We show that, even under our very general de nition, sets that are complete for any level of the polynomial hierarchy are not nonadaptively random-self-reducible, unless the hierarchy collapses. In particular, NP-complete sets are not nonadaptively random-self-reducible, unless the hierarchy collapses at th...

In fuzzy propositional logic, to a proposition a partial truth in [0; 1] is assigned. It is well known that under certain circumstances, fuzzy logic collapses to classical logic. In this paper, we will show that under dual conditions, fuzzy logic collapses to four-valued (relevance) logic, where propositions have truth-value true,false, unknown, or contradiction. As a consequence, fuzzy entailm...