BACKGROUND Displacing the use of polluting and inefficient cookstoves in developing countries is necessary to achieve the potential health and environmental benefits sought through clean cooking solutions. Yet little quantitative context has been provided on how much displacement of traditional technologies is needed to achieve targets for household air pollutant concentrations or fuel savings....

The implementation in Malawi of a large scale agricultural input subsidy programme in 2005/6 and subsequent years has attracted significant international interest. This paper reviews the background, implementation and impacts of the programme from 2005/6 to 2008/9. The programme is estimated to have raised national maize production by 26 to 60 percent. In so doing, the programme has contributed...

A graphical method is described that allows the determination of specific radioactivities of radioactively labelled hormones. This method combines the self-displacement technique, plotting bound/free ratios versus mass of unlabelled hormone or total radioactivity of labelled preparation added to the receptor preparation, and the maximal binding capacity of the labelled hormone. The procedure pr...

The effects of particle shape on the vibrational properties of colloidal glasses are studied experimentally. "Ellipsoidal glasses" are created by stretching polystyrene spheres to different aspect ratios and then suspending the resulting ellipsoidal particles in water at a high packing fraction. By measuring displacement correlations between particles, we extract vibrational properties of the c...

Alteration of the Allende meteorite caused shifts in oxygen isotope ratios along a single mass fractionation line. If alteration was caused by aqueous fluid, the pattern of oxygen isotope fractionation can be explained only by flow of reactive water down a temperature gradient. Down-temperature flow of aqueous fluid within planetesimals is sufficient to explain the mineralogical and oxygen isot...

BACKGROUND When an implant is inserted in the bone the healing process starts to osseointegrate the implant by creating new bone that interlocks with the implant. Biomechanical interlocking capacity is commonly evaluated in in vivo experiments. It would be beneficial to find a numerical method to evaluate the interlocking capacity of different surface structures with bone. In the present study,...

In this paper, recent progress in graphic statics is combined with Williot displacement diagrams to create a graphical description of both statics and kinematics for two- and three-dimensional pin-jointed trusses. We begin with reciprocal form and force diagrams. The force diagram is dissected into its component cells which are then translated relative to each other. This defines a displacement...

A commonly used model for a transversely anisotropic crack rock is that by Hudson (1980, 1981). This model is based on a simplified analysis of a thin circular crack, with displacement and stress conditions specified on the boundary. These papers have a second order correction in addition to the first order term in porosity/crack density. In this paper we compare the results of Hudson with thos...

Echocardiographic strain imaging is a promising new method for quantifying and displaying the health of cardiac muscle. Accurate regional myocardial function analysis requires high spatial and temporal resolution in addition to fidelity to the underlying deformation. However, all current clinical approaches use speckle-tracking algorithms applied to B-mode images derived from envelope signals. ...