An experimental VLF WorldWide Lightning Location (WWLL) network is being developed to provide realtime locations of cloud to ground lightning discharges occurring throughout the globe. This network has expanded from a limited number of stations in the Western Pacific to its current state of 11 stations, in most longitude sectors, with additional stations planned in the near future. As part of t...

When the out-of-plane stiffness of a beam is remarkably lower than the in-plane stiffness, the lateral-torsional buckling occurs. In this study, the behavior of mono-symmetric I-beams with discrete torsional and lateral bracings under the concentrated moment is investigated using the finite element analyses. Then, based on the numerical analyses, equation for the stiffness requirement is propos...

The robust p-median problem in changing networks is a version of known discrete p-median problem in network with uncertain edge lengths where uncertainty is characterised by given interval. The uncertainty in edge lengths may appear in travel time along the edges in any network location problem. Several possible future scenarios with respect to the lengths of edges are presented. The planner wi...

When the system is with DG (distributed generation), Power system structure has changed The structure has change to complicated new model with distributed generations from traditional open network. The voltage and power losses of traditional network will be influenced by the location connected with DG, reactive power, active power and the number of DG. The purpose to connect DG is to improve re...

this paper presents a framework for long term transmission expansion planning in competitive, electricity markets. transmission lines and phase shifters are taken into account as expansion options. maximization of the network users' benefits, with satisfying security constraints are considered as the criterion for transmission expansion planning. the elements of the objective function are the...

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a wireless network that uses multi-hop peer to peer routing. A user can move anytime in an ad hoc scenario and, as a result, such a network needs to have routing protocols which can adopt dynamically changing topology. To accomplish this, a number of ad hoc routing protocols have been proposed and implemented such as, Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector routing (...

We introduce a new problem statement of searching for an optimal wireless network infrastructure spatial configuration based on the information provided by the wireless network equipment. The problem is formulated as a discrete location problem with regional demand and a finite set of candidate solutions. The problem in pseudo-Boolean form is solved with the probability changing method, a rando...

Distributed generation (DG) has been widely used in distribution network to reduce the energy losses, improve voltage profile and system reliability, etc.  The location and capacity of DG units can influence on probability of protection mal-operation in distribution networks. In this paper, a novel model for DG planning is proposed to find the optimum DG location and sizing in radial distr...