Discontinuity layout optimization (DLO) is a relatively new upper bound limit analysis method. Compared to classic topology methods, aimed at obtaining the optimum design of structure by considering its self-weight, building cost, or bearing capacity, DLO optimizes failure pattern under specific loading conditions and constraints minimizing dissipation energy. In this work, we present modified ...

The contribution represents a fragment of an intended Lexicon grammatical-semantic features. It presents only very general properties as components grammatical categories and the results their presence or non-presence for category value interpretation (in)compatibility language means. Grammatical features lexical unit can be described with help tagset, i.e., analytical morphological label. Simi...

The available experimental data and steady-state calculations make it difficult to explain the M discontinuity beneath both oceans and continents on the basis of the same phase change. The oceanic M discontinuity may be a chemical discontinuity between basalt and peridotite , and a similar chemical discontinuity ma,y thus be expected b�neath the conti­ nents. Since ayailable experimental data p...

Revision total hip arthroplasty with massive bone loss and pelivic discontinuity has no standardized treatment up until now. This report presents a case of a female patient with a diagnosed pelvic discontinuity 4 years after the previous hip arthroplasty. The patient is suffering from rheumatoid arthritis, and was admitted to hospital treatment for hip pain, leg shortening, limitated range of m...

BACKGROUND The mechanism by which structural barriers promote wave break and fibrillation is unclear. Conduction velocity (CV) restitution is an important determinant of wave break. Abnormal CV restitution is associated with ventricular fibrillation in patients with heart disease and arises preferentially in fibrotic myocardium. We hypothesize that tissue discontinuities imposed by structural b...

the central alborz mountains of northern iran (figure 1) is a zone of intense active continental deformation and is the most heavily populated region of iran, including the mega-city of tehran with a population of over 10 million. the region is affected by numerous active faults, some of them having great seismic potential, and documented historical seismicity. hence, the central alborz is a pr...

We report on a study of the Global Positioning System (GPS) carrier-phase (CP) time transfer boundary discontinuity by the use of the precise point positioning (PPP) technique. We first demonstrate that the pseudorange measurement noise leads to the boundary discontinuity by simulation. We also find that the boundary discontinuity is reduced by 10% 30% when executing PPP with the input of the I...

Based on the analytical solution of Crouch to the problem of a constant discontinuity in displacement over a finite line segment in an infinite elastic solid, in the present paper, the crack-tip displacement discontinuity elements, which can be classified as the left and the right crack-tip elements, are presented to model the singularity of stress near a crack tip. Furthermore, the crack-tip e...

For a function from the unit interval to itself with constant slope and one discontinuity, the itineraries of the point of discontinuity are called the critical itineraries. These critical itineraries play a significant role in the study of β-expansions (with positive or negative β) and fractal transformations. A combinatorial characterization of the critical itineraries of such functions is pr...