objectives: during root canal preparation, apical extrusion of debris can cause inflammation, flare-ups, and delayed healing. therefore, instrumentation techniques that cause the least extrusion of debris are desirable. this study aimed to compare apical extrusion of debris by five single-file, full-sequence rotary and reciprocating systems. materials and methods: one hundred twenty human mandi...

Reasons for intrastromal corneal ring segment explantation In their recent article, Ferrer et al. report that 57 of 250 implanted intrastromal corneal ring segments (ICRS) had to be explantedda rate of 22.8%. The main cause of this very high explantation rate was extrusion (48.3%). There are 2 major causes of ICRS extrusion: (1) superficial implantation of a segment and (2) a segment that is pl...

Three-dimensional molecular dynamics simulations are conducted to study the nanometric cutting of germanium. The phenomena of extrusion, ploughing, and stagnation region are observed from the material flow. The uncut thickness which is defined as the depth from bottom of the tool to the stagnation region is in proportion to the undeformed chip thickness on the scale of our simulation and is alm...

The direct conversion of aliphatic carboxylic acids to the corresponding alkyl fluorides has been achieved via visible light-promoted photoredox catalysis. This operationally simple, redox-neutral fluorination method is amenable to a wide variety of carboxylic acids. Photon-induced oxidation of carboxylates leads to the formation of carboxyl radicals, which upon rapid CO2-extrusion and F(•) tra...

Haloferax uolcanii acquires resistance to doxorubicin, and this acquisition involves an active extrusion of lipophilic drugs. We have investigated what this drug-efflux transporter utilizes as an energy source to expel drugs from the cells. The efflux activity was estimated from the direct measurement of drug efflux rate and from the steady-state level of drug accumulation. Cells treated with N...

INTRODUCTION: Pre-pectoral direct to implant (DTI) breast reconstruction has historically been fraught with complications including flap necrosis, implant extrusion, and capsular contracture as well as extremely high rates of operative revisions. This may result from a number of factors, including the lack of an algorithmic approach, failure to predict postoperative migration of the implant, us...

INTRODUCTION: Pre-pectoral direct to implant (DTI) breast reconstruction has historically been fraught with complications including flap necrosis, implant extrusion, and capsular contracture as well as extremely high rates of operative revisions. This may result from a number of factors, including the lack of an algorithmic approach, failure to predict postoperative migration of the implant, us...

An approach to producing hierarchical multi-scale porous ultra-high temperature ceramics (zirconium diboride, ZrB2) using 3D printing has been developed. Porous ceramic filaments can be printed via Direct Ink Writing (DIW) (paste extrusion). Millimeter scale porosity is created by the scaffold filaments. We introduce 20-micron-scale into with addition of oil produce capillary suspension paste i...