Modular multilevel matrix converter is a type of used in medium-voltage ac-ac power conversion. Controlling the energy content arms prerequisite for proper operation, and at same time challenging control task. So far, there are several approaches presented literature that successfully deal with challenge. However, almost all them fail when it comes to simplicity implementation, ease understandi...

An overview is reported about the history of prevailing direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs) as a renewable green source energy. Important features effect of: (1) operating DEFCs in alkaline media, (2) development suitable preparation method or technique catalyst to achieve more favorable dispersion and smaller particle size, (3) employing high surface area supports, (4) combining with another met...