The new type of core oligosaccharide in Proteus penneri 40A and 41 lipopolysaccharides has been investigated by ¹H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and chemical methods. Core oligosaccharides of both strains were chosen for structural analysis based on the reactivity of LPSs with serum against P. penneri 40A core oligosaccharide-diphtheria toxoid conjugate. St...

sised the capacity of the immune system to respond effectively to numerous simultaneous antigens. Using data linkage, Miller et al found no evidence for an increase in admissions to hospital for serious bacterial infections following MMR vaccination. 9 One disadvantage of giving vaccines in combination is that it may not always be clear which component is responsible for a particular adverse ev...

In October 2011, in an effort to reduce the burden of pertussis in infants, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended that unvaccinated pregnant women receive a dose of tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap). Vaccination of women with Tdap during pregnancy is expected to provide some protection to infants from pertussis until ...

BACKGROUND In the United States, children receive five doses of diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine before 7 years of age. The duration of protection after five doses of DTaP is unknown. METHODS We assessed the risk of pertussis in children in California relative to the time since the fifth dose of DTaP from 2006 to 2011. This period included a large outbreak in 2010. ...

OBJECTIVE To understand physician concerns about litigation and beliefs regarding vaccine safety. DESIGN A stratified random sample of family physicians, pediatricians, and general practitioners younger than 65 years who were in office-based practices across the United States was selected from the American Medical Association list that includes nonmembers. A standardized telephone survey was ...