Abstract Biological systems are robust to perturbations at both the genetic and environmental levels, although these same can elicit variation in behaviour. The interplay between functional robustness behavioural variability is exemplified organellar level by beating of cilia flagella. Cilia motile despite wide diversity within species, differences intracellular concentrations ATP calcium, cons...

1. Introduction. In the last decade, one-dimensional dynamical systems have been studied intensely from different points of view. One of the reasons for this interest is that the results about one-dimensional systems prove to be useful when studying multidimensional systems which act contractively in all but one direction. We shall call such systems near to one-dimensional. In this paper we pre...

In this paper a unique map or signature of three dimensional objects is defined. The map is obtained locally, for every possible rotation of the object, by the Fourier transform of the phase-encoded range-image at each specific rotation. From these local maps, a global map of orientations is built that contains the information about the surface normals of the object. The map is defined on a uni...