In the never-ending evolving information technology era, this paper provides a review and insights of significant contemplations that have been related with market for digital currencies forms since their advancement as monetary resource in 2009. Notwithstanding amazing value appreciation lately, computerized or exposed to allegations estimating bubbles key trilemma exists between regulatory ov...

”Bitcoin is a rare case where practice seems to be ahead of theory.” Joseph Bonneau et al. [15] This tutorial aims to further close the gap between IT security research and the area of cryptographic currencies and block chains. We will describe and refer to Bitcoin as an example throughout the tutorial, as it is the most prominent representative of a such a system. It also is a good reference t...

The pace and severity of the current extinction crisis is unprecedented, and there is a large disparity between the scale of the problem and the available recourses with which to mitigate it. Prioritising conservation efforts is therefore critical. With the extinction of species, we lose not only taxonomic diversity but also the ecosystem services they provide and the evolutionary history repre...

ultinational corporations (MNCs) typically use long-term sources of funds to finance long-term projects. They have access to both domestic and foreign sources of funds. It is worthwhile for MNCs to consider all possible forms of financing before making their final decisions. Financial managers must be aware of their sources of long-term funds so that they can finance international projects in a...

The goal of this paper is to equip the investor with the tools and understanding necessary to evaluate managed currencies’ investments in a meaningful way. It is shown that managed currency funds might exhibit a common factor because most of the trading managers use similar technical forecasts to trigger their positions in the financial markets. Therefore, a dynamic benchmark is built, based on...

This paper aims to explore the concept of digital cryptocurrency and its potential role in achieving inclusive finance. By drawing on relevant studies conducted both China abroad, we delves into history development, nature types, as well benefits risks associated with currencies. Additionally, impact currencies deposit money is thoroughly examined, focusing three key aspects: currency stock, cr...

In this paper we revisit some major orthodoxies which lie at the heart of the bitcoin crypto currency and its numerous clones. In particular we look at The Longest Chain Rule, the monetary supply policies and the exact mechanisms which implement them. We claim that these built-in properties are not as brilliant as they are sometimes claimed. A closer examination reveals that they are closer to ...

Which is the most appropriate currency (biomass, energy, water, or some mineral nutrient) for expressing resource allocation in plants has been repeatedly discussed. Researchers need to assess to which extent interindividual, interpopulational, or interspecific comparisons of resource allocation could be affected by the allocation currency chosen. The "currency issue" is relevant to at least th...

An efficient currency recognition system is vital for the automation in many sectors such as vending machine, rail way ticket counter, banking system, shopping mall, currency exchange service etc. The paper currency recognition is significant for a number of reasons. a) They become old early than coins; b) The possibility of joining broken currency is greater than that of coin currency; c) Coin...

This paper develops a unified framework for examining international payment patterns. Using an open-economy search model with competing monetary assets, I show how information costs and government transaction policies interact to produce a structure of world payments reminiscent with what is observed in practice. Agents’ decision to acquire information shapes exchange patterns by affecting a cu...