In this study, the IWA anaerobic digestion model N°1 (ADM1) was used to simulate and predict the dark fermentation process of a complex organic substrate: household waste. Since ADM1 does not account for metabolic products such as lactic acid, ethanol and some volatiles fatty acids like caproate, that appear during the dark fermentation process, the structure of ADM1 was modified to include the...

The objective of this study was to determine the effects substituting barley grain with short-season, high-moisture shelled corn, and silage snaplage on ruminal fermentation site extent digestion in beef cattle fed finishing diets. Six ruminally duodenally cannulated heifers (420 ± 16.4 kg body weight) were a diet (BG), where half replaced corn (HC), or portion (SN) replicated 3 × Latin square ...

In the process of anaerobic dry fermentation to produce biogas, maintaining a suitable pH in environment is more conducive degradation crop straw. When too low, digestion by bacteria inhibited. Therefore, it necessary quickly adjust pH. this work, we studied control technology regulation system and then constructed T-S fuzzy controller. Upon simplifying controller, delay time was reduced, two g...

The use of the different external carbon source was investigated to enhance the short-cut nitrificationdenitrification (SCND) and the denitrifying phosphorus removal via nitrite (DPRN) using a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) to treat anaerobic supernatant. The SBR was fed with liquid effluent from the anaerobic co-digestion of waste activated sludge (WAS) and organic fraction of municipal solid ...

Short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) formation by intestinal bacteria is regulated by many different host, environmental, dietary and microbiological factors. In broad terms, however, substrate availability, bacterial species composition of the microbiota and intestinal transit time largely determine the amounts and types of SCFA that are produced in healthy individuals. The majority of SCFA in the gu...

Traditionally in swine nutrition, analyses of starch and fiber have focused on assessing quantity; however, both have a wide range of functional properties making them underappreciated nutrients. Starch ranging from low to high amylose changes from rapidly digestible in the upper gut to poorly digestible but fermentable in the lower gut thereby changing from a source of glucose to VFA source. L...

Four Luxi beef cattle (400±10 kg) fitted with ruminal, duodenal and ileal cannulas were used in a 4×4 Latin square to assess the effects of soybean small peptide (SSP) infusion on rumen fermentation, diet digestion and flow of nutrient in the gastrointestinal tract. The ruminal infusion of SSP was 0 (control), 100, 200 and 300 g/d. Ruminal SSP infusion linearly (p<0.01) and quadratically (p<0.0...

The optimal utilization of nutrients requires an integrated response of the gastrointestinal tract to ingested food. Broad mechanisms are similar in all mammals and involve sensing food components through olfaction, taste and specialized receptors within the stomach and intestines. The sensing of food components leads to release of gut hormones and activation of nerves, which in turn modify dig...

The negative effect of pH on rumen microbial fermentation has been associated with the total amount of time that pH is below a certain threshold. However, not only the time, but also the magnitude of the pH reduction, is important. Eight 1,325-mL dual-flow continuous culture fermenters were used in 2 replicated periods to determine the effect of the magnitude of pH reduction (5.6 vs. 5.1) durin...