background: multiple choice questions are used for evaluation of learning in promotion residency exams. due to holding these exams in a standard way, we conducted this study to evaluate the effect of board members, promotion scholarship who designed the questions on these exams results in 2009. methods: a semi experimental research was designed and 105 exam boards of academic members were studi...

The Uncanny Valley Hypothesis (UVH) predicts that greater difficulty perceptually discriminating between categorically ambiguous human and humanlike characters (e.g., highly realistic robot) evokes negatively valenced (i.e., uncanny) affect. An ABX perceptual discrimination task and signal detection analysis was used to examine the profile of perceptual discrimination (PD) difficulty along the ...

In this paper, we propose an objective, comprehensive and difficulty-independent performance evaluation protocol for video text detection algorithms. The protocol includes a positive set and a negative set of indices at textbox level, which evaluate the detection quality in terms of both location accuracy and fragmentation of the detected textboxes. In the protocol, we assign a detection diffic...

We have created a student model which dynamically collects information about a student,s problem solving ability, acquisition of new topics and retention of earlier topics. This information is provided to the tutor and used to generate new problems at the appropriate level of difficulty and to provide customized hints and help. Formative evaluation of the tutor with 20 students provides evidenc...

Using item response theory (IRT) in computer adaptive test (CAT) is critical to assess learners’ readiness for further learning. This theory has assumptions concerning the mathematical relationship between learner’s abilities and item responses. A numerical value from the theory has potential to decide who the best learner is. The IRT score only provides the learner’s result and lack of the ass...

This paper presents an integrated framework for designing profit-maximizing products/services, which can also be produced at reasonable operating difficulty levels. Operating difficulty is represented as a function of product and process attributes, and measures a firm’s relative ease or difficulty in meeting customer demand patterns under specified operating conditions. Earlier optimum product...

Language students are most engaged while reading texts at an appropriate difficulty level. However, existing methods of evaluating text difficulty focus mainly on vocabulary and do not prioritize grammatical features, hence they do not work well for language learners with limited knowledge of grammar. In this paper, we introduce grammatical templates, the expert-identified units of grammar that...