− Static expansion systems are used to generate known pressures in the high and medium vacuum range. In these systems the volume ratios are the crucial parameters and have to be determined very accurately. For this task different methods can be used. We have used the gas accumulation method with a dead weight pressure balance, a force-balanced piston gauge (FPG) and a differential pressure tran...

The fetal monitoring is based on a fetal heart rhythm analysis, and aimed at the detection of early symptoms of the intrauterine fetal hypoxia. The most often used method for acquisition of the fetal heart rate (FHR) during pregnancy is the Doppler ultrasound technique. When a penetrating beam is reflected from the moving parts, like valves of the fetal heart, its frequency is shifted according...

Buffered Fourier domain mode-locked (FDML) lasers are demonstrated for dynamic phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography (OCT) and 3D OCT phase microscopy. Systems are operated at sweep speeds of 42, 117, and 370 kHz, and displacement sensitivities of 39, 52, and 102 pm are achieved, respectively. Sensitivities are comparable to spectrometer-based OCT phase microscopy systems, but much faste...

The present paper presents the design and development results of a system setup for measuring Young’s modulus of thin films by laser-induced surface acoustic waves based on the integration of two detection methods, namely, piezoelectric transducer detection and differential confocal detection, which may be used for conducting consecutive or simultaneous measurements. After demonstrating the cap...

A bite force transducer consisting of two differential strain beams with four strain gages in a full bridge configuration was modified for measuring occlusal forces in rhesus monkeys. A procedure of muscle stimulation (20-50 V, 60 Hz, and 0.8 ms duration) produced maximal unilateral masticatory muscle contraction when stimulating electrodes were placed in the masseter muscle. Tests of this proc...

As a part of preliminary studies, the possibility quantitative oxidation aldehydes to carboxylic acids and their determination by isocratic ion chromatography with conductometric detection has been tested. A methodology for simultaneous separation inorganic anions (F-, Cl-, NO2-, Br-, NO3-, PO43-, SO42-) (formate, acetate oxalate) using conductivity have developed validated. Six anion-exchange ...

—ABA type tri-block amphiphilic polyelectrolyte consisting of poly(methyl methacrylate-block-methacrylic acid-block-methyl methacrylate) (P(MMA-b-MAA-b-MMA)) was synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization technique (ATRP) and the self-assembly behavior of the polymers in aqueous solution was studied over the course of neutralization. Combination of potentiometric and conductometric tit...

For a top-down tree transducer with regular look-ahead we introduce the notion of difference bound, which is a number bounding the difference in output height for any two look-ahead states of the transducer. We present an algorithm that, for a given transducer with a known difference bound, decides whether it is equivalent to a transducer without regular look-ahead, and constructs such a transd...