The Kv2.1 potassium channel contains a lysine in the outer vestibule (position 356) that markedly reduces open channel sensitivity to changes in external [K(+)]. To investigate the mechanism underlying this effect, we examined the influence of this outer vestibule lysine on three measures of K(+) and Na(+) permeation. Permeability ratio measurements, measurements of the lowest [K(+)] required f...

Drawing of square section rod from round bar can be done with two die shapes. In the first die shape, deformation starts from corners of the square and in second die shape, deformation starts from sides of square. This article has compared the drawing force for both die shapes and as a result optimum die shape was determined. Due to complexity of metal flow inside the die, analyzing of actual p...

In this paper, we study the e ect of a firm’s local channel exits on prices charged by incumbents remaining in the marketplace. Exits could result in higher prices due to tempered competition or lower prices due to reduced co-location or agglomeration benefits. The net e ect of these two countervailing forces remains unknown. In addition, little is known about how this e ect could change depend...

We show that the extrinsic information about the coded bits of any good (capacity achieving) binary code operating over a Gaussian channel is zero when the channel capacity is lower than the code rate and unity when capacity exceeds the code rate, that is, the extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) chart is a step function of the signal to noise ratio and independent of the code. It follows that...

A new two-dimensional blind channel estimation scheme for coherent detection of OFDM signals in a mobile environment is presented. The channel estimation is based on the A Posteriori Probability (APP) calculation algorithm. The time-variant channel transfer function is completely recovered without phase ambiguity with no need for any pilot or reference symbols. The two-dimensional channel estim...

Motivated by brane cosmology we solve the Einstein equations with a time dependent cosmological constant. Assuming that at an early epoch the vacuum energy scales as 1/logt, we show that the universe passes from a fast growing phase (inflation) to an expanding phase in a natural way.

We designed and built a microfluidic device for the generation of liquid jets produced by thermocavitation. A continuous wave (CW) laser was focused inside a micro-chamber filled with a light-absorbing solution to create a rapidly expanding vapor bubble. The chamber is connected to a micro-channel which focuses and ejects the liquid jet through the exit. The bubble growth and the jet velocity w...

Flow maldistribution, resulting from bubbles or other particulate matter, can lead to drastic performance degradation in devices that employ parallel microchannels for heat transfer. In this work, direct numerical simulations of fluid flow through a prescribed parallel microchannel geometry are performed and coupled with active control of actuated microvalves to effectively identify and reduce ...

A simple analytical approximative solution was given for calculating the time dependent development of the ice-layers at the cooled walls inside a parallel plate channel. By ignoring the effect of acceleration, resulting from converging ice-layers in the axial direction, an analytical solution for the variation of the ice-layer thickness with time and axial position could be obtained. The appro...