cannula, a curette needle, and a hollow bevelled needle with an inner removable stylet. The shaving action of the cannula over the curette after it has engaged the pleura is the recommended technique of pleural biopsy. The Abrams' needle consists of two main concentric tubes:3 the outer hollow trocar has a deep notch proximal to the tip and the cutting action of the inner hollow tube as it is a...

BACKGROUND Approximately one percent of current live births of the world are conceived via assisted reproductive technologies (ART). OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare the developmental status of children born through assisted and natural conceptions at the age of five years. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a retrospective cohort study, developmental status of 5 years old children ...

Does describing torture by America’s agents as a longstanding practice—part of the status quo—increase people’s acceptance of the practice? A representative sample of U.S. adults, randomly assigned to conditions in which these practices were described as new or as having been used for more than 40 years, read about the use of torture in questioning of detainees. Torture described as a longstand...

Status asthmaticus is a life-threatening form of reactive airway disease, refractory to initial control with ordinary medical measures, sometimes requiring mechanical ventilatory assistance. In this report, we describe a patient whose bronchospasm could not be controlled with conventional measures, with severe respiratory acidosis (PaCO2 consistently > 100 mm Hg), who was successfully supported...

OBJECTIVES In this study, we evaluated the relationship between household food security status and developmental risk in young children, after controlling for potential confounding variables. METHODS The Children's Sentinel Nutritional Assessment Program interviewed (in English, Spanish, or Somali) 2010 caregivers from low-income households with children 4 to 36 months of age, at 5 pediatric ...

This study examines the hypothesis that aspects of social relations moderate the relationship between SES and health; that is, this association varies with differences along four major dimensions of social relations: instrumental, emotional, and negative support, and network structure. In 1992, 923 white and black respondents aged 40 and over were interviewed as part of the Survey of Social Rel...

BACKGROUND Low birth weight (LBW or birth weight<2500 g) is one of the most serious children problems in today's world. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare developmental status of moderately LBW (birth weight: 1500-2499 g) children at the age of five to that of normal birth weight (NBW: birth weight: 2500-4000 g) ones. METHODS In a case-control study, developmental status of...

OBJECTIVES To describe the spectrum of cognitive outcomes of children with and without cerebral palsy (CP) after neonatal encephalopathy, evaluate the prognostic value of early developmental testing and report on school services and additional therapies. METHODS The participants of this study are the school-aged survivors of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonata...

BACKGROUND Two strategies have been proposed for early identification of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD): (1) using a general screening tool followed by an ASD-specific screening tool for those who screen positive on the former or (2) using an ASD-specific tool for all children. The relative yield of these two strategies has not been examined. OBJECTIVES This study compared the ...