in this paper, the importance of environmental degradation costs in national accounts is discussed, empirical studies having been considered by politician and economic planners before. the importance of a determination of relationship between economic growth vs. openness to trade is also discussed. the main objective followed in an investigation of the relationship between trade openness, green...

Time–cost trade-off problem is one of the main aspects of project scheduling. Due to variations in the real world, usually, risks in estimation of project parameters are considerably high. Therefore, use of uncertain models, which is capable of formulating vagueness in the real world, to solve time–cost trade-off problems, gives a scheduling with more stability against environmental variations....

t his paper investigates the gain of bilateral trade between china and u.s. in manufacturing sectors when both countries play a role in asymmetric (biased) growth of  international trade. our model includes a special case of biased growth theory in international trade. we collected labor productivity, export and import data by using classification of manufacturing industries, for u.s. and china...

Globalization is integration of national economies in global economy and infers on increasing the flow of goods and services. In this study the consequences of globalization were studied through the analysis of Level of International Trade index (LIT) in the caviar export equation. The required data were gathered from Statistical Yearbook of Foreign Trade, Statistical Yearbook of fisheries, Sta...

this paper analyses the impact of sanctions against iran in addition to other country-specific determinants on intra-industry trade between iran and shanghai cooperation organization (sco) countries over the period 1997-2013. by disentangling total intra-industry trade (iit) into horizontal and vertical iit and after investigating bilateral trade pattern between iran and sco countries, determin...

This paper focuses on Indo-Iranian merchandise trade for a period of 30 years from1980-81 to 2009-10. The study is based on econometric modeling comprising 3 versions of the RWM model and alternative forms and specification of regression functions. RWM model(s) evaluates the stationary nature of time series data relating to GNP, Exports, Imports and total merchandise Indo-Iranian trade. Dickey-...

A process model, in the context of e-commerce, is an organized set of activities for the creation, (re)production, trade and delivery of goods. Electronic commerce studies have created important process models for the trade of physical goods via Internet. These models are not easily suitable for the trade of information goods. Lowly codified information goods are hard to represent unambiguously...

A very simple, ultra-sensitive and highly selective non-extractive spectrophotometric method for the determination of trace amount of vanadium(V) using 2-Hydroxyacetophenobenzoylhydrazone(HAPBH) has been developed. 2-Hydroxyacetophenobenzoylhydrazine(HAPBH) reacts in slightly acidic (0.0005-0.025M H2SO4) 50% 1,4-dioxane media with vanadium(V) to give a yellow chelate which has an absorption max...

Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) are primitives that have wide usage areas in information security. Ordering based Ring Oscillator (RO)-PUFs have been introduced recently to overcome the robustness and area efficiency issues related to PUF implementations. With this approach, 100% robust outputs are generated, providing a solution for cryptographic key generation. High entropy extraction wi...