haploid microspore-derived embryos (mdes) of wheat were obtained by in vitro androgenesis. these  embryos were employed to evaluate the transient expression of gus gene (uida) following particle bombardment. using the bio-rad pds-1000/he system, the physical parameters including rupture disk pressure (900, 1100 and 1350 psi); microprojectile travel distance (6 and 9 cm); gold particles size (0....

drought stress is one of the serious problems that restricted agronomic plant production worldwide. inmolecular level, the harmful effect of drought stress is mostly caused by producing of large amount ofreactive oxygen species (ros). catalase and metallothionein genes have a crucial role to mope the hydrogenperoxide (h2o2) resulting reducing oxidative damage. in this research the gene expressi...

background: recently, reports have indicated a role for the membrane form of toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2) in asthma pathogenesis. in this study we examined soluble tlr2 levels in serum and sputum of asthmatic and healthy subjects. methods: serum and sputum samples were obtained from 33 asthmatic and 19 healthy subjects. the asthmatics were classified into four groups according to the global init...

interleukin-1β (il-1β) has a role in β- cell destruction in autoimmune diabetes by stimulating the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) that generates the free radical nitric oxide. we aimed to investigate the effect of achillea millefolium l, as a traditional hypoglycemic agent, on il-1β and inos gene expression of pancreatic tissue in the stz- induced diabetic rats. forty adul...

the sporozoites of theileria annulata invade bovine mhc ii cells, where they differentiate into schizonts. the later can immortalize and induce fundamental changes in their host cells. live attenuated vaccine is an important way of controlling t. annulata infection of cattle. production is by prolonged cultivation of macroschizont-infected cells. the mechanisms underlying this transformation ar...

introduction: endurance training has significant effects on the renewal of heart tissue, including myosin heavy chain (mhc) proteins. on the other side, purine-rich element-binding protein β (purb) decreases the &alphamhc; gene expression. the aim of this study was to determine the impact of exercise endurance training on purb gene expression in the heart of wistar rats. methods: fourteen rats ...

tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (trail), a member of tnf family, is an interesting ligand which selectively induces apoptosis in tumor cells and, therefore, it has been developed for cancer therapy. this ligand has been produced by various hosts such as e.coli. however, protein expression in e.coli cytoplasm leads to problems such as incorrect folding, reduction in biolo...

detection of plasmodium vivax specific antibodies with serological tests could be a valuable tool for epidemiological researches. whereas p. vivax cannot be simply obtained in vitro, serological tests using total or semi-purified antigens are infrequently used. given this restriction, the present study investigated whether recombinant p. vivax merozoite surface protein 1 (pvmsp-1 42 kda) could ...

brucellosis, caused by brucella spp., is an important zoonotic disease that causes abortion and infertility in cattle and undulant fever in humans. various studies have examined cell-free native and recombinant proteins as candidate protective antigens in animal models. among brucella immunogenes, antigen based on ribosomal preparation has been widely investigated. in this study, the immunogeni...

cloning and expression of the l-phenylalanine dehydrogenase gene, from b. sphaericus in e. coli were done. the gene was cloned in the vector pet16b and transformed into e. coli bl21 (de3). the functional form of the l-phenylalanine dehydrogenase enzyme was purified by affinity purification techniques, taking advantage of the ability of this enzyme to bind to the nucleotide site affinity dye, re...