In one case Charles River Associates has dealt with, the tax authority asserted that a subsidiary is of such strategic importance to the group’s ultimate parent company that the subsidiary’s “stand-alone” credit rating should be adjusted upwards to the parent’s rating due to implicit support. This is despite the fact that an explicit guarantee had not been provided by the parent and despite the...

abortion traditionally means miscarriage and is still known as a problem, which societies have been trying to reduce its rate by using legal means. despite the fact that  pregnant women and fetuses have been historically supported;  abortion  was firstly criminalized in 1926 in iran, 20 years after establishment of modern legal system. during next 53 years this situation changed dramatically, t...

The new markets for credit derivatives allow for buying protection on sovereign debt. This paper considers the implications for sovereign debt crises. We show that the availability of credit protection lowers ex-ante debtor moral hazard by allowing a bondholder to improve his bargaining position in negotiations with the sovereign, thus forcing the sovereign to internalize more of the costs of a...

This paper examines the relationship between child labor and access to credit at a crosscountry level. Even though this link is theoretically central to child labor, so far there has been little work done to assess its importance empirically. We measure child labor as a country aggregate, and credit constraints are proxied by the extent of financial development. These two variables display a st...

Democracies depend on countervailing power. Opposition to authoritarian regimes requires large-scale counter-mobilization. Labor organization—be it in the form of unions or social movements—is often key to both. But by most measures labor power is decreasing just when corporate power appears to be increasing. Union membership, electoral and lobbying pressure, and protest, the indicators we gene...

Customer investigations in the banking industry are carried out in connection with prosecutions, administration of estates or other legal actions. The Investigation & Inquiries department of Credit Suisse has to handle approximately 5000 customer investigations per year. So far, the investigation process was very complex time consuming and costly: to be on the safe-side, several redundant query...

The purpose of this study is to investigate the level of knowledge management (KM) maturity of credit unions. The application of a maturity model to fifteen credit unions in North America revealed that an overall level of KM maturity of credit unions is at an early stage of development, but there are signs of future improvement. Credit unions attempt to increase their efficiency through KM solu...

The purpose of this research is to analyze (1) the regulation regarding credit agreements that made privately according Banking Law and Role Notary (2) legal force at Bank Perkreditan Rakyat (BPR). method used normative research. results study show Arrangements underhand both Indonesia Circular Letter No.14/20/DKBU concerning Guidelines for Credit Policies Procedures (BPR) which require banks p...