Granular and geotextile filters are commonly provided in several hydrological infrastructures to limit soil erosion allow unimpeded water seepage. The success of a filter depends on forming bridging structure, which is governed by the grain size distribution constriction filter. Currently, retention requirement satisfied considering representative opening size, whereas hydraulic conductivity em...

The biggest concern on coastal constructions is lower the risk of failure against environmental pressures, like waves. effect waves structures considered in equations raising power significant height (Hs) 2 to 4. However, designing a project considering wave that too conservative can significantly increase its cost and make it economically unfeasible. On other hand, underestimating result proje...