The Wnt family of secreted glycoproteins plays a critical role in developmental processes including axis patterning, cellular proliferation, planar cell polarity, cell migration, cell fate specification, and neuronal development. In adults, Wnt signaling is involved in tissue homeostasis, regeneration, and stem/progenitor cell function. Moreover, elevated or attenuated Wnt signaling is found in...

We present a method of determining the CKM-angle α by performing simultaneous measurements of the mixing-induced CP asymmetries of the decays Bd → ππ and Bd → KK̄. The accuracy of our approach is limited by SU(3)-breaking effects originating from b̄ → d̄ss̄ QCD-penguin diagrams. Using plausible power-counting arguments we show that these uncertainties are expected to be of the same order as those a...

Nanos (Nos) has at least five different functions during the development of Drosophila melanogaster. In the pre-cellular blastoderm embryo, maternally derived Nos is required for formation of abdominal segments (Wang and Lehmann, 1991). Subsequently, maternal Nos is required in the embryonic germline precursors, the pole cells, to inhibit their division and promote migration into the somatic go...

INTRODUCTION In combination with multivariate pattern analysis algorithms such as Support Vector Machines (SVM) [1] or Support Vector Regression (SVR) [2], functional connectivity offers a powerful tool for brain classification. With this approach, several groups have successfully identified and predicted brain characteristics using resting-state MRI data [35]. Specifically, Dosenbach et al. ha...

Deshpande et al. conclude that ethambutol (EMB) doses of 50 mg/kg of body weight twice a week would be the optimal clinical dose for the treatment of Mycobacterium avium (2). This was based on pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic studies using a hollow-fiber system model of intracellular M. avium, mimicking ethambutol human-like pharmacokinetics. This adds important information on the relationship b...

Sir, Of the different classes of carbapenemases, class B enzymes are clinically the most significant; they possess the widest substrate hydrolysis range, including penicillins, cephalosporins and carbapenems, but not monobactams. In recent years, metallo-b-lactamase (MBL) genes have spread from Pseudomonas aeruginosa to members of the Enterobacteriaceae. An alarming report by the HPA UK in 2009...

Introduction Previous studies have investigated functional connectivity (FC) in resting state networks (RSNs) such as default mode network (DMN) [1,2], hippocampal cortical memory network (HCMN) [3], dorsal attention network (DAN) [3] and fronto-parietal control network (FPCN) [3]. However, comprehensive effective connectivity (EC) analysis of these networks has been lacking primarily because t...

In order to draw users’ attention and to increase their satisfaction toward online information search results, search-engine developers and vendors try to predict user preferences based on users’ behavior. Recommendations are provided by the search engines or online vendors to the users. Recommendation systems are implemented on commercial and nonprofit Web sites to predict user preferences. Fo...

We explore possibilities of gauge coupling unification in left–right symmetric models with non–minimal particle content. In addition to unification we require the absence of anomalies and sufficient proton lifetime. Numerous previously unknown solutions are presented where unification occurs within the latest experimental errors. Solutions exist where the scale of left–right symmetry breaking c...

Introduction Since the introduction of methods using glycoprotein (G)-deleted rabies virus (RVdG) to identify the direct monosynaptic inputs to genetically targeted neurons eight years ago (Wickersham et al., 2007b), this approach has been widely used for sophisticated circuit-tracing studies throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems. Published studies using monosynaptic RV tracing ...