Floor Area Ratio, commonly known as FAR, is a primary planning metric in urbanism. It the ratio of accumulated built floor areas against size site/plot. In recent years, China's rapid urban development has resulted substantial increase particularly residential areas. A notable shift from low-rise row housing typology to more common high-rise unit certainly key factor behind energy use many Chin...

In communicative exchanges, sentences are uttered against a background of shared beliefs or attitudes which helps the audience to determine the content of what the speaker has said. Unfortunately, different agents may have different views of this common ground. From this standpoint, one of the most familiar phenomena is accommodation, which enables the addressee to incorporate the speaker’s pre...

The maintenance of bone strength has been an important issue in the debate over cage use for laying hens. Bone strength depends on adequate mechanical load and cages restrict movement. Four laying crosses (Lohmann White, Lohmann Brown, H&N White, and Rhode Island Red × Barred Plymouth Rock cross hens) were housed in conventional cages or in floor pens equipped with perches and nest boxes to mea...

Abstract This paper explores the trade-off between redeveloping an urban site with higher density and maintaining solar access for surrounding context in hot dry climate of Tel Aviv. Such trade-offs are important future development Middle East, where densification is a demographic environmental need. We explore this multi-objective optimization (MOO). Specifically, we benchmark seven MOO algori...

In this paper, the Ritz method has been employed to analyze the free in-plane vibration of heterogeneous (non-uniform) rectangular nanoplates corresponding to Eringen’s nonlocal elasticity theory. The non-uniformity is taken into account using combinations of linear and quadratic forms in the thickness, material density and Young’s modulus. Two-dimensional boundary characteristic orthogonal pol...

  Background :SCORE, OST and ORAI risk assessment tools could reduce the cost burden of BMD tests by selecting the high risk patients to osteoporosis. In this study we compared the ability of these risk assessment measures to assess probability of the osteoporosis among post-menopausal women.   Methods : 211 post-menopausal women aged 45-88 years enrolled into the study. All of the patients und...