Many strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and bifidobacteria have exhibited strain-specific capacity to produce γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) via their glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) system, which is one of amino acid-dependent acid resistance (AR) systems in bacteria. However, the linkage between bacterial AR and GABA production capacity has not been well established. Meanwhile, limited evide...

BACKGROUND Hallux limitus/rigidus is a painful arthritic condition affecting the first metatarsophalangeal joint that can be treated by implant arthroplasty, which, ultimately, may cause loss of the anatomical insertion points of the flexor hallucis brevis muscle. Preparation of the base involves resection of bone, thus compromising the insertion of the flexor hallucis brevis muscle. METHODS ...

Two adolescent boys presented with acute acneiform eruptions in the setting of recent dupilumab administration. Subsequent investigation via direct scraping pustules revealed live Demodex mite colonization face. These patients represent a population not commonly associated folliculitis, and we theorize their baseline commensal may have increased as consequence dupilumab-induced, focused immunom...

Vertical migration behavior is found in many harmful algal blooms; however, the corresponding impact on ocean optical properties has not been quantified. A near-monospecific population of the dinoflagellate Karenia brevis was encountered off the west coast of Florida. The community was tracked for 24 hours by following a Lagrangian drifter deployed at the beginning of the experiment. A suite of...

Outbreaks of morbidity and mortality in double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) along Florida's Gulf Coast have occurred sporadically for at least 30 yr. During these outbreaks, the Clinic for the Rehabilitation of Wildlife, located on Sanibel Island in Florida, has admitted a substantial number of cormorants with consistent presentation of primarily neurologic clinical signs. In orde...

Karenia brevis (C. C. Davis) G. Hansen et Moestrup is a dinoflagellate responsible for red tides in the Gulf of Mexico. The signaling pathways regulating its cell cycle are of interest because they are the key to the formation of toxic blooms that cause mass marine animal die-offs and human illness. Karenia brevis displays phased cell division, in which cells enter S phase at precise times rela...

Pathophysiology Rosacea results from an inflammatory process about which little is known. The stimulus includes a wide variety of foods as well as environmental, chemical, psychologic, and emotional factors (Table 1). It is unclear what role, if any, these factors have in the causation or exacerbation of this condition. In particular, the link between emotional stress and rosacea is not well un...

A collection of STEPS published in AFP is available at http://www.aafp.org/ afp/steps. Ivermectin 1% cream (Soolantra) is a topical prescription medication labeled for the treatment of inflammatory lesions of rosacea. Its mechanism of action is unknown1 but may be due to a combination of its anti-inflammatory effects and its antiparasitic effects on the Demodex mite, which lives on the skin and...