the application of chemotherapy in cancer treatment has been limited due to cause side effects such as toxicity against normal cells and drug resistance. in recent years, numerous studies have been focused on using natural products with chemotherapeutic drugs to enhance therapeutic efficiency and reduce cytotoxicity. on the other hand, encapsulation of drugs into nanoparticles (nps) can improve...

Traditional mobile ad hoc network (MANET) routing protocols assume that contemporaneous end-to-end communication paths exist between data senders and receivers. In some mobile ad hoc networks with a sparse node population, an endto-end communication path may break frequently or may not exist at any time. Many routing protocols have been proposed in the literature to address the problem, but few...

While the sales volume of e-commerce transactions is growing rapidly, the traditional concept of packages delivery has been challenged by innovative approaches such as crowdsourced delivery. Using individuals, for example commuters, to deliver packages from senders to receivers can provide several economic and environmental benefits. This paper illustrates an algorithm that automates and optimi...

We have shown that high epithelial cell density is a major barrier to the distribution of protein-bound drugs in solid tumors, and tumor priming (expansion of interstitial space using an apoptosis-inducing pretreatment) can promote drug delivery. This study evaluated the optimal conditions of paclitaxel tumor priming (time window, particle size) and its effects on the delivery and efficacy of n...

CONTEXT Despite nearly 4 million deliveries in the United States each year, minimal information exists on unintended health consequences following childbirth, particularly in relation to delivery method. OBJECTIVE To assess the risk for maternal rehospitalization associated with cesarean or assisted vaginal delivery compared with spontaneous vaginal delivery. DESIGN Retrospective cohort stu...

Pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs) and nebulizers are routinely employed for aerosol delivery in mechanically ventilated patients. A significant proportion of the aerosol deposits in the ventilator circuit and artificial airway, thereby reducing the inhaled drug mass. Factors influencing aerosol delivery during mechanical ventilation differ from those in spontaneously breathing patients....

Background Current NHS policy encourages an integrated approach to provision of mental and physical care for individuals with long term health problems. The ‘PARTNERS2’ complex intervention is designed support psychosis in a primary setting. Aim trial will evaluate the clinical cost-effectiveness PARTNERS2 intervention. Design & setting This cluster randomised controlled superiority compari...

this study focuses on the relationship between lower-intermediate level efl learners’ metacognitive awareness and accuracy in self-assessment of a speaking test. we tried to raise the learners’ metacognitive awareness through practice in goal-setting and planning. to do so, 103 lower-intermediate level students took a pretest of speaking, completed a metacognitive awareness questionnaire, and h...

i ntroduction: the aim of the present study was to evaluate whether adding 2% chlorhexidine (chx) and 2.6% sodium hypochlorite (naocl) to calcium-enriched mixture (cem) cement would affect its setting time (st), or not. methods and materials: in this study, the setting time of cem cement was evaluated in three groups ( n =9) as follows: group 1; cem cement, group 2; cem cement+2% chx and group ...