Adaptation to altitude hypoxia under conditions of conflict between thirst and defensive motivation was studied. The subjects adapted to altitude hypoxia made three times more attempts to drink from a water bowl despite receiving an intense shock. Adaptation to altitude hypoxia increased the stability of an initiated drinking reaction over intense shock. In adapted animals that began to drink, ...

We define a boundary defensive k-alliance in a graph as a set S of vertices with the property that every vertex in S has exactly k more neighbors in S than it has outside of S. In this paper we study mathematical properties of boundary defensive k-alliances. In particular, we obtain several bounds on the cardinality of every boundary defensive k-alliance. Moreover, we consider the case in which...

ISIS has used language propaganda to further its sociopolitical objectives and defend harsh behavior through the miscontextualization of ḥadīth. This study uses linguistic stylistics demonstrate in ISIS's magazine “Dabīq,” which made piecemeal usage ḥadīth (Prophet Muhammad's sayings) justify actions. To do so, first thematizes ḥadīths that reported. It then points out silences (by “silences,” ...

Although the origins of information warfare lie in the defense of critical computer systems, defensive information warfare (DIW) per se has advanced little beyond an information assurance model. Information assurance is an integral part of any military organization’s operations, but it falls far short of meeting the needs for robust defense of critical command-and-control (C2) computer networks...

Defensive projection is the process of perceiving one's undesirable qualities in others. The present research shows how stereotypes guide and justify the projection of specific traits onto specific group members. In four studies, the authors demonstrated that people who experienced a threat to a specific dimension of their self-concept selectively activated this dimension in a stereotype and de...

spatial frequencies (as projected onto the retina) and these will dominate perceptual grouping mechanisms. With increasing distance, the highest frequencies are lost, and the components of the visual scene to which the viewer is most sensitive change systematically [10]. The multi-scale processing of images has been exploited to create hybrid pictures that vary with distance in, for example, pe...

BACKGROUND Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with hyperarousal and active fight or flight defensive responses. By contrast, the dissociative subtype of PTSD, characterized by depersonalization and derealization symptoms, is frequently accompanied by additional passive or submissive defensive responses associated with autonomic blunting. Here, the periaqueductal gray (PAG) plays...

The National Basketball Association(NBA) has expanded their data gathering and have heavily invested in new technologies to gather advanced performance metrics on players. This expanded data set allows analysts to use unique performance metrics in models to estimate and classify player performance. Instead of grouping players together based on physical attributes and positions played, analysts ...

Combat traits are thought to have arisen due to intense male-male competition for access to females. While large and elaborate weapons used in attacking other males have often been the focus of sexual selection studies, defensive traits (both morphological and performance) have received less attention. However, if defensive traits help males restrict access to females, their role in the process...

Let G be a graph with vertex set V (G) and edge set E(G). A defensive alliance in G is a subset S of V (G) such that for every vertex v ∈ S, |N [v] ∩ S| ≥ |(V (G)−N [v]) ∩ S|. A global defensive alliance is an alliance that is also a dominating set. We define the alliance partition number, ψa(G) (global alliance partition number, ψg(G)), to be the maximum number of sets in a partition of V (G) ...