Rocco J. Gennaro Indiana State University [final version in Canadian Journal of Philosophy, 2002] Jean-Paul Sartre believed that consciousness entails self-consciousness, or, even more strongly, that consciousness is self-consciousness. As Kathleen Wider puts it in her terrific book The Bodily Nature of Consciousness: Sartre and Contemporary Philosophy of Mind, “...all consciousness is, by its ...

Objectives. To determine the severity of stroke and mortality in relation to the type of disturbance of consciousness and outcome of patients with disorders of consciousness. Patients and Methods. We retrospectively analyzed 201 patients. Assessment of disorders of consciousness is performed by Glasgow Coma Scale (Teasdale and Jennet, 1974) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Di...

Metformin is an oral hypoglycemic agent of the biguanide class, and glimepiride sulfonylurea class frequently used to treat Type-II diabetes mellitus. Under certain conditions, overdose or long-term use metformin can cause lactic acidosis hypoglycemia. severe hypoglycemia in absence other anti-diabetic drugs. Potential mechanisms metformin-induced include decreased hepatic glucose production, a...

Work consciousness plays an important role in creating the structure, behavior and function of the organization; under its shadow, structural factors of the organization are formed and it has an impact on behavioral factors (content, culture, values, perception and motivation). This study tries to investigate the relation between work consciousness and organizational identity and health. The me...

If we want to understand what is consciousness the first thing we should do is avoid using the word. The word “consciousness” is full of ambiguities, vagueness, pseudo-problems that can only be eliminated if we simply avoid using it. Another problem with the word “consciousness” is that this word suggests that there is a single, unified entity called “consciousness”, whereas the expression is u...

Non-epileptic attack disorder (NEAD) is one of the most important differential diagnoses of epilepsy. Impairment of consciousness is the key feature of non-epileptic attacks (NEAs). The first half of this review summarises the clinical research literature featuring observations relating to consciousness in NEAD. The second half places this evidence in the wider context of the recent discourse o...

Consciousness can be manipulated in many ways. Here, we seek to understand whether two such ways, visual masking and pharmacological intervention, share a common pathway in manipulating visual consciousness. We recorded EEG from human participants who performed a backward-masking task in which they had to detect a masked figure form its background (masking strength was varied across trials). In...

STUDY OBJECTIVE The breath-to-breath variability of respiratory parameters changes with sleep stage. This study investigates any alteration in the approximate entropy (ApEn) of respiratory movement as a gauge of complexity in respiration, by stage of consciousness, in the light of putative brain interactions. PARTICIPANTS Eight healthy men, who were between the ages of 23 and 29 years, were i...

The 'default network' is defined as a set of areas, encompassing posterior-cingulate/precuneus, anterior cingulate/mesiofrontal cortex and temporo-parietal junctions, that show more activity at rest than during attention-demanding tasks. Recent studies have shown that it is possible to reliably identify this network in the absence of any task, by resting state functional magnetic resonance imag...