Birth-death processes take place ubiquitously throughout the universe. In general, birth and death rates depend on system size (corresponding to number of products or customers undergoing birth-death process) thus vary every time occurs, which makes fluctuations in inevitable. The differential-difference equation governing evolution such a process is well established, but it resists solving for...

Birth-death processes are applied in the modelling of many biological populations, such as tumour cells and viruses. Various studies have established that birth-death processes, which occurwhen population size is zero, not in-line with reality situations. Therefore, this study, immigration were investigated. We considered two policies. First, allowed if only zero. Second, at a constant rate irr...

Abstract Introduction: Death is defined as the permanent loss of all signs of life at any time after birth (Irrevocable disappearance of all vital signs after birth). Unnatural deaths seem to be either suspicious or  unexpected. Deaths that occur suddenly and their causes need to be investigated, are termed unnatural deaths. According to the death certificate contents of Ministry of...

oligohydramnios is frequently used to identify at risk fetuses. the purpose of this study was to assess adverse perinatal outcomes in oligohydramnios. subjects comprised pregnant women diagnosed either with (590) or without (597) oligohydramnios who delivered after hospital admittance from 2000 to 2010 . data, including the resuscitation of newborn, apgar score at 5 min, nicu admission, death i...

Background and aims: Air pollution is one of the health problems worldwide. Previous epidemiological studies have investigated the impacts of air pollution on respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the associations between air pollution levels and different health indicators among world countries. Methods: This eco...

This paper shows how to generate a birth-death dynamic channel in a laboratory, explain different parameters that are behind or generated by the birth-death behaviour, investigates the effect of the birth-death model on WCDMA receivers, shows how important to pay attention to the channel dynamics by comparing it with static channel behaviour, and shows the effect of different parameters related...

This paper expands on previous research that has documented relatively high levels of inconsistency in age information for elderly African Americans. Drawing on a sample of death certificates for Maryland-born African Americans purportedly aged 65-79 at death in 1985, the validity of age data in both death certificates and social security records is examined by linkage to a birth record. The co...