sexual behavior in most moths is limited to a precise duration period of either the day or the night. these behaviors as well as the calling behavior are specific. information on reproductive behavior is important in the chemical ecology studies. experiments were conducted to determine the developmental biology, adult time emergence and calling behaviors of three populations of carob moth, ecto...

Fertilizers usually enhance potassium (K) content and other naturally occurring radioactive materials in agricultural fields that eventually enter the human food chain through plants. In this study, pot-grown rice plants planted in soil that is relatively high in natural radioactive content was used to estimate the individual influence of fertilizer applications on the uptake of 226Ra, 232Th, a...

Protandry is the emergence or arrival into a seasonal population of males before females and is widespread among both plants and animals. Conceptually, protandry should be subject to stabilizing selection because early emerging males risk death before mating and late-emerging males miss opportunities to mate. However, for any given male, the optimal emergence time may depend upon the mean and d...

The effect of electromagnetic field was examined on Zinnia (Zinnia elegans) seeds to enhance seed germination and early growth. The seeds were exposed to four magnetic strengths of 15, 100, 400 and 800 mT in four durations of 30, 60, 120 and 240 min. The experiments were carried out in two forms of laboratory germination and soil emergence. Results showed that magnetic field application enhance...

aphis gossypii glover is one of the most important pests of greenhouse cucumber and pepper in the world and iran. in this research, life table and biology of a. gossypii were investigated on cucumber (cucumis sativus cv. super sultan) and pepper (capsicum annum cv. marqueza) in a growth chamber at 25±1°c and 60±5% rh and a photoperiod of 14 l: 10 d hour.the results showed thatdevelopmental time...

the grain aphid, sitobion avenae (hemiptera: aphididae) is one of the injuriously important pests of wheat and praon volucre (hymenoptera: braconidae) is one of its major parasitoids in iran. in this research, thermal requirements of the grain aphid and its parasitoid were evaluated at six constant temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, 27.5 and 30 °c), 60 ± 5 % relative humidity and a photoperiodicity ...