An algebra $$\mathbf{A}$$ is called a perfect extension of its subalgebra $$\mathbf{B}$$ if every congruence has unique to . This terminology was used by Blyth and Varlet [1994]. In the case lattices, this concept described Grätzer Wehrung [1999] saying that congruence-preserving Not many investigations have been carried out so far. The present authors in another recent study faced question whe...

The term “smartphone” first came into use in 1997 when Ericsson, the Swedish telecom equipment manufacturer, described its newly developed Penelope GS88 mobile phone, as a smartphone. This designation came to signify a new category in the mobile phone market, comprised of phones which offered combined services of communication, computerization, voice communication, text messaging, personal info...

It has been suggested that the conquest of tropical diseases during the late XIX century represents one of modern medicines’ greatest triumphs (Brennen & Davey 1978). Much of the impetus for this achievement was spurred by the high prevalence of disease and epidemics that were at the time devastating new settlers, colonial servants or military occupiers within foreign colonial territories (Keis...

It has long been recognised that bacteria can switch from planktonic unicellular organisms to sessile multicellular communities known as biofilms (Costerton et al., 1987; 1995). The transition to surface-attached (biofilm) growth is known to result in diverse changes in gene expression, which causes the attaching cells to become phenotypically and metabolically distinct from their planktonic co...

Experience Study. Psycho-Oncology 2009;18:1122–26. 80 Taylor MD, Hart CL, Davey Smith G et al. Childhood IQ and social factors on smoking behaviour, lung function and smoking-related outcomes in adulthood: Linking the Scottish Mental Survey 1932 and the Midspan studies. Br J Health Psychol 2005;10:399–410. 81 Bartels M, Rietveld MJH, Van Baal GCM, Boomsma DI. Heritability of educational achieve...

Induced surfaces and their integrable dynamics. II. Generalized Weierstrass representations in 4D spaces and deformations via DS hierarchy. Abstract Extensions of the generalized Weierstrass representation to generic surfaces in 4D Euclidean and pseudo-Euclidean spaces are given. Geometric characteristics of surfaces are calculated. It is shown that integrable deformations of such induced surfa...

CONTENTS The natural history of COPD: lung function and the role of exacerbations D.M. Mannino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 627 The epidemiology of respiratory impairment and disease in two generations of the Renfrew and Paisley (MIDSPAN) Study. G. Watt, D. Hole, C. Gillis, C. Hart, A. McConnachie, G....