Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are commonly found on human and animal mucous membranes in dairy products and naturally on some plant surfaces. They are normal residents of the gastrointestinal tract of human beings. Several species are commercially used in production of fermented milks, yoghurt, other dairy and meat products, as well as other foods. The antimicrobial activities of LAB have been kno...

THE American Dairy Science Association was organized as the National Association of Dairy Instructors and Investigators on 17 July 1906 at the University of Illinois. The proceedings and program of this meeting were published as an Illinois Experiment Station circular in 1907. W. J. Frazer, University of Illinois, was one of the early leaders in the development of the association. The meetings ...

The calculation of whole-farm nutrient balance is an effective and simple method for estimating the potential nutrient loading from dairy farming into the environment. In Finland, however, the published results based on larger number of farms are still lacking. In this study whole-farm nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) balances on Finnish dairy farms were studied based on short-cut data for the y...

Consolidation in US agriculture has led to fewer, larger farms. In the case of dairy in the Northeastern US, higher concentrations of animals near large population centers pose water quality problems that can be attributed to excessive soil nutrient levels. While new environmental policies and regulations are being developed and implemented to help manage such problems, research to determine th...

Grazed pasture, which is the cheapest source of nutrients for dairy cows, should form the basis of profitable and low-input animal production systems. Management of high-producing dairy cows at pasture is thus a major challenge in most countries. The objective of the present paper is to review the factors that can affect nutrient supply for grazing dairy cows in order to point out areas with sc...

Minerals are very important nutrients for dairy animal production. Deficiency of minerals may leads to certain structural, physiological or immunological disorder affecting growth, production and reproductive health of animals. Minerals deficiency is an area specific problem and supplementation strategy must be revised accordingly. Requirements of minerals for reproduction and immunity are gene...

this study was carried out to investigate the possibility of prediction the occurrence of heat stress in dairy cows and determination of climate critical periods. the most common indexes for estimation the degree of thermal stress istemperature humidity index (thi). in this study yousef’s thi index (1985)was used to analyze the yearly and monthly effects of temperature and humidity. meteorologi...

The aim of the article is to evaluate production efficiency and its determinants of specialised dairy farming among the EU regions. In the most of European regions, there is a relatively high significance of small specialised farms including dairy farms. The DEAVRS method (data envelopment analysis with variable returns to scale) reveals efficient and inefficient regions including the scale eff...

The demand for dairy products is growing rapidly, especially in emerging markets. Dairy products are nutrient rich and, therefore, an important food group for ensuring nutrient security in the future. In many countries, dairy contributes significantly to nutrient intake. Meta-analyses have shown that consumption of dairy may reduce the risk of chronic diseases and thereby lower healthcare costs...

China's dairy farm structure has experienced fundamental changes across farm types. As the number of backyard farms has dramatically declined, the share of dairy cows from backyard farms has decreased by 22.4% from 2003 to 2008. However, the herd numbers of larger dairy farms have increased. In particular, the share of dairy cows has risen by 18.8% on small farms, by 22.2% on medium farms, and ...