water quality is a most important factor in areas facing water crisis the survival of which is based upon it. in a determination of water value the factors that should be attended to are: the given volume, specified quality(preservation value), as well as the specific time and place.valuation of water in iran is dependent on types of exploited water resources which include: human consumption(qu...

We estimate cumulative CO2 emissions during the period 2000 to 2050 from developed and developing countries based on the empirical relationship between CO2 per capita emissions (due to fossil fuel combustion and cement production) and corresponding HDI. We choose not to include emissions from land use and other greenhouse gases since they were found not to be strongly correlated with personal c...

conventionally, regression and time series analyses have been employed in modeling water demand forecasts. in recent years, the relatively new technique of neural networks (nns) has been proposed as an efficient tool for modeling and forecasting. the objective of this study is to investigate the relatively new technique of gmdh – type neural networks for the use of forecasting long – term urban...

this paper analyzes the effects of socio-economic factors on life expectancy. using multiple regression analysis, the paper shows that there is a positive strong correlation between life expectancy as an independent variable and per capita income, health expenditures, literacy rate and daily calorie intake. also, it shows that there is a negative strong correlation between life expectancy and n...

  Background: Eggs are of the few naturally occurring foods that meet the needs of human body in a balanced manner. The present study was conducted to determine the rate of egg per capita consumption in Tehran city in 2018. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 4.213 heads of families living in 22 regions of Tehran. Selected randomly using multistage cluster sampling meth...

In the Yellow River basin, China, ecosystems suffer from the overexploitation and utilization of water resources, resulting in various environmental impacts. Consideration must be given to both human and ecosystem water requirements in water resources management. A water footprint (WF) is a tool for estimating industrial, agricultural, commercial and household water requirements and for examini...

A common finding in the empirical civil war literature is that population size and per capita income are highly significant predictors of civil war incidence and onset. This paper shows that the common finding of population size and per capita income having a significant average effect on civil war risk in a world sample breaks down once countryand year-specific unobservables are accounted for....

Cross-country data on energy consumption, GDP and vulnerability are used to measure percentage changes in vulnerability associated with percentage changes in per capita GDP and per capita energy consumption. Energy consumption, through its nonlinear effects on per capita income, have the effect of reducing a country’s overall vulnerability to climate change by a greater amount at moderate incom...