In response to the urgent need for estimates of the oil and gas flow rate from the Macondo well MC252-1 blowout, we assembled a small team and carried out oil and gas flow simulations using the TOUGH2 codes over two weeks in mid-2010. The conceptual model included the oil reservoir and the well with a top boundary condition located at the bottom of the blowout preventer. We developed a fluid pr...

The authors have been engaged in developing a new paradigm for estimating dynamic O-D travel time and flow on a freeway corridor. The fundamental framework is to 1) develop a Neural-Kalman filter (NKF) method, which is a new algorithm by integrating artificial neural network (ANN) model into a Kalman filter, 2) introduce a macroscopic model for predicting traffic states in advance and 3) estima...

Tissue/flow detection is critical for high quality 2-D color flow image. The traditional tissue/flow detection method is based on one or several thresholds which are used for parameters after autocorrelation. Generally a lot of parameters: flow magnitude, variance and velocity are applied for tissue/flow detection. But this method may not distinguish tissue/flow because of moving tissue or nois...

During eccentrically biased exercise (e.g., downhill locomotion), whole body oxygen consumption and blood lactate concentrations are lower than during level locomotion. These general systemic measurements indicate that muscle metabolism is lower during downhill exercise. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that hindlimb muscle blood flow is correspondingly lower during downhill vs. l...

During the last decade power system have been equipped with complex components such as Distribution Static Var Compensators (D-SVCs). These components have introduced new possibilities to control power systems, D-SVCs can almost continuously change the amount of reactive power from capacitor banks. The behavior of these new components is different from 'old' technologies since they contain powe...

Sand ripples formed by waves have a uniformwavelength while at equilibrium and develop defects while adjusting to changes in the flow. These patterns arise from the interaction of the flow with the bed topography, but the specific mechanisms have not been fully explained. We use numerical flow models and laboratory wave tank experiments to explore the origins of these patterns. The wavelength o...

Disturbed blood flow (d-flow) causes endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction, leading to atherosclerotic plaque formation. We have previously shown that d-flow increases SUMOylation of p53 and ERK5 through downregulation of sentrin/SUMO-specific protease 2 (SENP2) function; however, it is not known how SENP2 itself is regulated by d-flow. Here, we determined that d-flow activated the serine/threonine...

In atherosclerosis, plaques preferentially develop in arterial regions of disturbed blood flow (d-flow), which alters endothelial gene expression and function. Here, we determined that d-flow regulates genome-wide DNA methylation patterns in a DNA methyltransferase-dependent (DNMT-dependent) manner. Induction of d-flow by partial carotid ligation surgery in a murine model induced DNMT1 in arter...