After plasmolysis of Escherichia coli cells, the adhesion zones were characterized using the cytochemical PTA and SP procedures which stain peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) respectively. A PTA-stained layer was detected at the adhesion sites. This layer was visualized irrespective of the electron microscopy procedure used. Also, using SP staining an outer membrane in which LPS molecu...

Two methods for the cytochemical detection of free CoA and their utilization in the finestructural localization of carnitine acetyltransferase in rat heart are described. The first utilizes the reducing property of the SH group of CoA to reduce potassium ferricyanide to potassium ferrocyanide, which in the presence of uranyl ions forms an electron-dense precipitate of uranyl ferrocyanide. The s...

Employing the technique of cell fractionation, Schneider and Hogeboom (’56) described the localization of certain oxidative enzymes. They reported that cytochrome oxidase and succinic dehydrogenase were found only in the mitochondrial fraction while isocitric dehydrogenase was present in the supernatant and DPN and TPN cytochrome c reductases were observed to be in both fractions. More recently...

For many years, ultrastructural cytochemistry has been a major tool for investigating the relationships between the structure and the functions of the cell nucleus. This article shortly reviews the contributions of transmission electron microscopy to the in situ studies of intranuclear distribution of chromatin domains and of essential nuclear functions, such as DNA replication, transcription a...

Self-reported measures of dietary intake are prone to measurement error that may obscure the relationship of diet and disease. This review addresses strategies to decrease errors during collection of dietary data and statistical approaches to deal with measurement issues once the data are collected.  Examples from two US studies-- the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) Dietary Modificat...

Chicken erythrozytes possess many characteristics which make them a desirable material for experimental studies in cytochemistry, particularly those dealing with the chemical composition of various structural components within the cell. Avian erythrocytes have been used as a convenient source of material for the isolation of nuclei. Investigations along such lines were reported as early as 1869...

Initially polypeptide hormones were assayed by their biological activity. Such conventional bioassays, however, are remarkably insensitive. For example, the Lipscomb and Nelson (1962) bioassay of corticotrophin (ACTH) cannot measure a concentration of less than about 100 pg/ml, while the normal circulating levels of the bioactive form of this hormone range from about 5 to 60 pg/ml. The introduc...

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most popular type of dementia in elderly and is described by a progressive loss of cognitive capacity and severe neurodegeneration which typically begins with memory deficits. The major biomarkers of AD include total tau, phosphorylated-tau and 42 amino acid isoform of amyloid beta that reflect neurodegeneration and indicate the pathophysiological processes in AD...

The effect of avidin-biotin interactions in several detection systems for the non-radioactive in situ hybridization (ISH) technique was studied in a model system using a transitional cell carcinoma line and a biotinylated DNA probe. We performed fluorescence ISH to unravel the individual steps in a sensitive and frequently used amplification method which makes use of the alternating cytochemica...

Intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility of the FAB classification was assessed for two independent observers whose decisions are acted on for treatment of patients with acute leukemia in the Hamilton region. Intraobserver reproducibility was assessed for Wright-stained preparations that were examined independently on two consecutive occasions at least 2 weeks apart. A third reading was ...