These studies examined the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in the urothelium and suburothelial space and detrusor from rats treated with cyclophosphamide (CYP) to induce acute (4 h), intermediate (48 h), or chronic (10-day) cystitis. Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry were used to demonstrate COX-2 expression. In whole mount preparations of urinary bladder, nerve f...

Methomyl (Lannate) is a pesticide widely used to control of insects in grape gardens. Methomyl treatment induces significant alteration in mixed function oxidase system. The present work was designed to study the inhibitory effect of methomyl on different forms of cytochrome P450 induced by phenobarbital (CYP 2B1, 2B2 and 3A) and benzo[a]pyrene induced (CYP 1A1). Adult male rats were divided in...

Caenorhabditis elegans harbours several CYP (cytochrome P450) genes that are homologous with mammalian CYP isoforms important to the production of physiologically active AA (arachidonic acid) metabolites. We tested the hypothesis that mammals and C. elegans may share similar basic mechanisms of CYP-dependent eicosanoid formation and action. We focused on CYP33E2, an isoform related to the human...

BACKGROUND Cyclophosphamide (CYP) is used to treat a wide range of human tumors. However, the mutagenic effect of CYP is still the primary limitation for wider applications to treat a variety of human malignancies. It has been reported that CYP entrapped in liposomes reduces non-specific toxicity and enhances anticancer effects in animal systems. METHODS In the present experiment, mice were i...

Cytochrome P450 (CYP P450) enzymes are a superfamily of mono-oxygenases that are found in all kingdoms of life. The CYP P450 enzymes constitute a large superfamily of haem-thiolate proteins involved in the metabolism of a wide variety of both exogenous and endogenous compounds. The CYP activities have been shown to be involved in numerous interactions especially between drugs and herbal constit...

Although various in vitro assays have been developed to evaluate the cytochrome P450 (CYP)-inducing potential of drug candidates, there is a continuing need for the development of a reliable model in drug discovery. The objective of the present study was to compare CYP induction by chemicals in HepG2 cells with Huh7, NKNT-3, and reverted NKNT-3 cells. HepG2 cells showed more similarity to human...

In insects molting and metamorphosis are primarily under the control of two insect hormones, ecdysone and juvenile hormone (JH). Physiological and biochemical studies of insect hormone metabolic pathways suggested the involvement of P450 (CYP) enzymes in the pathways, but molecular details of the enzymes were unclear. In recent years, the genome information and studies using molecular biology a...

The cytochrome P450s (CYPs) constitute a superfamily of isoforms that play an important role in the oxidative metabolism of drugs. Each CYP isoform possesses a characteristic broad spectrum of catalytic activities of substrates. Whenever 2 or more drugs are administered concurrently, the possibility of drug interactions exists. The ability of a single CYP to metabolise multiple substrates is re...

Objectives: The use of standard tools can show the exact effects of interventions in children and adolescents with visual impairment (CYP-VI). However, to date, no comprehensive review study has evaluated the general characteristics and psychometrics of the instruments used in CYP-VI. Therefore, the present study investigated the psychometric properties of the tools used for CYP-VI.  Methods: ...

Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in fungal response to abiotic stress, but little is known about whether or not NO involved regulating cytochrome P450 (CYP) gene family and mitochondrial related genes (MRG) of Pleurotus eryngii cadmium (Cd) stress. In this study, 125 CYP members 127 differentially expressed MRG were identified. The analysis length exon number revealed the complexity fa...